diff --git a/.clangd b/.clangd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..adae8425d78d69ec3dcf5505959d72f6fae89942
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.clangd
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+CompileFlags:
+  Add: [-std=c++17]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 4566726651b6fc69bd7fedcd2287322b9fceb2d7..a2f0a85591e62fbcc93b674761152ad956d3a946 100755
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 cmake_minimum_required( VERSION 3.8 )
+include(CheckCXXCompilerFlag)
+
 project(CMINUSF)
 
 set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c99")
@@ -9,6 +11,20 @@ SET(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_ASAN "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG} -fsanitize=undefined -fsaniti
 
 set(default_build_type "Debug")
 
+if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
+	if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang")
+    	check_cxx_compiler_flag("-fstandalone-debug" CXX_SUPPORTS_STANDALONE_DEBUG)
+    	if(CXX_SUPPORTS_STANDALONE_DEBUG)
+        	message(STATUS "Adding -fstandalone-debug for Clang")
+        	set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG} -fstandalone-debug")
+    	else()
+        	message(STATUS "Clang does not support -fstandalone-debug, skipping")
+    	endif()
+	else()
+		message(STATUS "Use Gcc")
+	endif()
+endif()
+
 if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
     add_definitions(-DDEBUG_BUILD)
 endif()
diff --git a/include/common/util.hpp b/include/common/util.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..060e98accaa72406d439ada35a0025650b96fa9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/common/util.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#ifndef UTIL_HPP
+#define UTIL_HPP
+
+#include "string"
+
+std::string ptr_to_str(const void* ptr);
+
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/include/lightir/BasicBlock.hpp b/include/lightir/BasicBlock.hpp
index bbefd6e9866116139181d0646c381c1357b649cf..f749309f449321e00fe65a0afe996730fac7118d 100755
--- a/include/lightir/BasicBlock.hpp
+++ b/include/lightir/BasicBlock.hpp
@@ -79,6 +79,8 @@ class BasicBlock : public Value {
 
 	std::string print() override;
 
+    // 用于 lldb 调试生成 summary
+    std::string safe_print() const;
   private:
     explicit BasicBlock(Module *m, const std::string &name, Function *parent);
 
diff --git a/include/lightir/Constant.hpp b/include/lightir/Constant.hpp
index cacacd1e12cd8e513af2552e9ac5a9a95de5745d..84f11ea19f7c5ab85056b61fab716db89b34b012 100755
--- a/include/lightir/Constant.hpp
+++ b/include/lightir/Constant.hpp
@@ -15,6 +15,11 @@ public:
 
     Constant(Type *ty, const std::string &name = "") : User(ty, name) {}
     ~Constant() override;
+
+    // 用于 lldb 调试生成 summary
+    std::string safe_print() const;
+    // 用于 lldb 调试生成 summary
+    std::string safe_print_help() const;
 protected:
 };
 
@@ -51,7 +56,7 @@ class ConstantArray : public Constant {
     static ConstantArray *get(ArrayType *ty,
                               const std::vector<Constant *> &val);
 
-    std::string print() override;
+	std::string print() override;
 };
 
 class ConstantZero : public Constant {
diff --git a/include/lightir/Function.hpp b/include/lightir/Function.hpp
index 95f26379644ec2aa61867d724512bf58ee9b6bde..f6e54308db3dee8d7befd08d6224ff7c838b6caf 100755
--- a/include/lightir/Function.hpp
+++ b/include/lightir/Function.hpp
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ class Function : public Value {
 	// 用于检查函数的基本块是否存在问题
     void check_for_block_relation_error() const;
 
+    // 用于 lldb 调试生成 summary
+    std::string safe_print() const;
   private:
     std::list<BasicBlock*> basic_blocks_;
     std::list<Argument> arguments_;
@@ -77,6 +79,9 @@ class Argument : public Value {
 
 	std::string print() override;
 
+    // 用于 lldb 调试生成 summary
+    std::string safe_print() const;
+
   private:
     Function *parent_;
     unsigned arg_no_; // argument No.
diff --git a/include/lightir/GlobalVariable.hpp b/include/lightir/GlobalVariable.hpp
index b43327a545192dd36ef27efd5b9269c374064a79..a238f560606aef4eefb5d9b5f2d137db3aebb9b1 100755
--- a/include/lightir/GlobalVariable.hpp
+++ b/include/lightir/GlobalVariable.hpp
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ class GlobalVariable : public User {
     GlobalVariable(const std::string& name, Module *m, Type *ty, bool is_const,
                    Constant *init = nullptr);
 
+    // 用于 lldb 调试生成 summary
+    std::string safe_print() const;
   public:
     GlobalVariable(const GlobalVariable& other) = delete;
     GlobalVariable(GlobalVariable&& other) noexcept = delete;
diff --git a/include/lightir/Instruction.hpp b/include/lightir/Instruction.hpp
index c642f0f753b337a89945519e14421ce5ab2aeecd..694acc33d4fc27f08c5d1c6e0810d93dd14af4e3 100755
--- a/include/lightir/Instruction.hpp
+++ b/include/lightir/Instruction.hpp
@@ -111,23 +111,14 @@ class Instruction : public User {
 
     bool isTerminator() const { return is_br() || is_ret(); }
 
+    // 用于 lldb 调试生成 summary
+    std::string safe_print() const;
   private:
     OpID op_id_;
     BasicBlock *parent_;
 };
 
-template <typename Inst> class BaseInst : public Instruction {
-  protected:
-    template <typename... Args> static Inst *create(Args &&...args) {
-        return new Inst(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-    }
-
-    template <typename... Args>
-    BaseInst(Args &&...args) : Instruction(std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
-};
-
-class IBinaryInst : public BaseInst<IBinaryInst> {
-    friend BaseInst<IBinaryInst>;
+class IBinaryInst : public Instruction {
 
   private:
     IBinaryInst(OpID id, Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb);
@@ -141,8 +132,7 @@ class IBinaryInst : public BaseInst<IBinaryInst> {
     std::string print() override;
 };
 
-class FBinaryInst : public BaseInst<FBinaryInst> {
-    friend BaseInst<FBinaryInst>;
+class FBinaryInst : public Instruction {
 
   private:
     FBinaryInst(OpID id, Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb);
@@ -156,13 +146,13 @@ class FBinaryInst : public BaseInst<FBinaryInst> {
     std::string print() override;
 };
 
-class ICmpInst : public BaseInst<ICmpInst> {
-    friend BaseInst<ICmpInst>;
+class ICmpInst : public Instruction {
 
   private:
     ICmpInst(OpID id, Value *lhs, Value *rhs, BasicBlock *bb);
 
   public:
+
     static ICmpInst *create_ge(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb);
     static ICmpInst *create_gt(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb);
     static ICmpInst *create_le(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb);
@@ -173,8 +163,7 @@ class ICmpInst : public BaseInst<ICmpInst> {
     std::string print() override;
 };
 
-class FCmpInst : public BaseInst<FCmpInst> {
-    friend BaseInst<FCmpInst>;
+class FCmpInst : public Instruction {
 
   private:
     FCmpInst(OpID id, Value *lhs, Value *rhs, BasicBlock *bb);
@@ -190,8 +179,7 @@ class FCmpInst : public BaseInst<FCmpInst> {
     std::string print() override;
 };
 
-class CallInst : public BaseInst<CallInst> {
-    friend BaseInst<CallInst>;
+class CallInst : public Instruction {
 
   protected:
     CallInst(Function *func, const std::vector<Value *>& args, BasicBlock *bb);
@@ -204,15 +192,14 @@ class CallInst : public BaseInst<CallInst> {
     std::string print() override;
 };
 
-class BranchInst : public BaseInst<BranchInst> {
-    friend BaseInst<BranchInst>;
+class BranchInst : public Instruction {
 
   private:
     BranchInst(Value *cond, BasicBlock *if_true, BasicBlock *if_false,
                BasicBlock *bb);
-    ~BranchInst() override;
 
 public:
+    ~BranchInst() override;
     BranchInst(const BranchInst& other) = delete;
     BranchInst(BranchInst&& other) noexcept = delete;
     BranchInst& operator=(const BranchInst& other) = delete;
@@ -229,8 +216,7 @@ public:
     std::string print() override;
 };
 
-class ReturnInst : public BaseInst<ReturnInst> {
-    friend BaseInst<ReturnInst>;
+class ReturnInst : public Instruction {
 
   private:
     ReturnInst(Value *val, BasicBlock *bb);
@@ -243,8 +229,7 @@ class ReturnInst : public BaseInst<ReturnInst> {
     std::string print() override;
 };
 
-class GetElementPtrInst : public BaseInst<GetElementPtrInst> {
-    friend BaseInst<GetElementPtrInst>;
+class GetElementPtrInst : public Instruction {
 
   private:
     GetElementPtrInst(Value *ptr, const std::vector<Value *>& idxs, BasicBlock *bb);
@@ -258,8 +243,7 @@ class GetElementPtrInst : public BaseInst<GetElementPtrInst> {
     std::string print() override;
 };
 
-class StoreInst : public BaseInst<StoreInst> {
-    friend BaseInst<StoreInst>;
+class StoreInst : public Instruction {
 
     StoreInst(Value *val, Value *ptr, BasicBlock *bb);
 
@@ -272,8 +256,7 @@ class StoreInst : public BaseInst<StoreInst> {
     std::string print() override;
 };
 
-class LoadInst : public BaseInst<LoadInst> {
-    friend BaseInst<LoadInst>;
+class LoadInst : public Instruction {
 
     LoadInst(Value *ptr, BasicBlock *bb);
 
@@ -286,8 +269,7 @@ class LoadInst : public BaseInst<LoadInst> {
     std::string print() override;
 };
 
-class AllocaInst : public BaseInst<AllocaInst> {
-    friend BaseInst<AllocaInst>;
+class AllocaInst : public Instruction {
 
     AllocaInst(Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb);
 
@@ -302,8 +284,7 @@ class AllocaInst : public BaseInst<AllocaInst> {
     std::string print() override;
 };
 
-class ZextInst : public BaseInst<ZextInst> {
-    friend BaseInst<ZextInst>;
+class ZextInst : public Instruction {
 
   private:
     ZextInst(Value *val, Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb);
@@ -317,8 +298,7 @@ class ZextInst : public BaseInst<ZextInst> {
     std::string print() override;
 };
 
-class FpToSiInst : public BaseInst<FpToSiInst> {
-    friend BaseInst<FpToSiInst>;
+class FpToSiInst : public Instruction {
 
   private:
     FpToSiInst(Value *val, Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb);
@@ -332,8 +312,7 @@ class FpToSiInst : public BaseInst<FpToSiInst> {
     std::string print() override;
 };
 
-class SiToFpInst : public BaseInst<SiToFpInst> {
-    friend BaseInst<SiToFpInst>;
+class SiToFpInst : public Instruction {
 
   private:
     SiToFpInst(Value *val, Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb);
@@ -346,15 +325,14 @@ class SiToFpInst : public BaseInst<SiToFpInst> {
     std::string print() override;
 };
 
-class PhiInst : public BaseInst<PhiInst> {
-    friend BaseInst<PhiInst>;
+class PhiInst : public Instruction {
 
   private:
     PhiInst(Type *ty, const std::vector<Value *>& vals,
             const std::vector<BasicBlock *>& val_bbs, BasicBlock *bb);
 
   public:
-	// 新特性：指令表分为 {alloca, phi | other inst} 两段，创建和向基本块插入 alloca 和 phi，都只会插在第一段，它们在常规指令前面
+    // 新特性：指令表分为 {alloca, phi | other inst} 两段，创建和向基本块插入 alloca 和 phi，都只会插在第一段，它们在常规指令前面
     static PhiInst *create_phi(Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb,
                                const std::vector<Value *>& vals = {},
                                const std::vector<BasicBlock *>& val_bbs = {});
diff --git a/include/lightir/Type.hpp b/include/lightir/Type.hpp
index 48a715390968da1150635a7c214908cee7811569..2e0267149c95e8b1435f4c1bb85c5678ab42b00a 100755
--- a/include/lightir/Type.hpp
+++ b/include/lightir/Type.hpp
@@ -53,6 +53,9 @@ class Type {
 
     std::string print() const;
 
+    // 用于 lldb 调试生成 summary
+    std::string safe_print() const;
+
   private:
     TypeID tid_;
     Module *m_;
diff --git a/include/lightir/Value.hpp b/include/lightir/Value.hpp
index dee7d29c10b05ce6a2f446e2dffb2a61d84b4289..adfb71efbe9885698b815584307a469a03b6f50f 100755
--- a/include/lightir/Value.hpp
+++ b/include/lightir/Value.hpp
@@ -57,6 +57,8 @@ class Value {
         return dynamic_cast<const T*>(this);
     }
 
+    // 用于 lldb 调试生成 summary
+    std::string safe_get_name_or_ptr() const;
   private:
     Type *type_;
     std::list<Use> use_list_; // who use this value
diff --git a/lldb_formatters.py b/lldb_formatters.py
index 71b950635288fc93b60727179579c532acabc4ba..b4cc4c888c1e26ba2d4222d2b44e00598b8ca5e6 100644
--- a/lldb_formatters.py
+++ b/lldb_formatters.py
@@ -3,21 +3,24 @@ import lldb
 def parseString(val : lldb.SBValue):
     summary = val.GetSummary() or val.GetValue()
     if summary:
-        # 去掉两端引号，只留裸文本（可选）
         if summary.startswith('"') and summary.endswith('"'):
             summary = summary[1:-1]
         return summary
     return ""
 
-def TypePrinterSummary(valobj: lldb.SBValue, internal_dict):
-    # 调用 print 函数进行显示
-    name: lldb.SBValue = valobj.EvaluateExpression("print()");
+def SafePrintSummary(valobj: lldb.SBValue, internal_dict):
+    name: lldb.SBValue = valobj.EvaluateExpression("this->safe_print()")
     return parseString(name)
 
 def __lldb_init_module(debugger: lldb.SBDebugger, internal_dict):
-    types = ["Type", "IntegerType", "FunctionType", "ArrayType", "PointerType", "FloatType"]
+    types = ["Type", "IntegerType", "FunctionType", "ArrayType", "PointerType", "FloatType"
+             , "Constant", "ConstantInt", "ConstantArray", "ConstantZero", "ConstantFP"
+             , "Function", "Argument"
+             , "BasicBlock"
+             , "GlobalVariable"
+             , "Instruction", "IBinaryInst", "FBinaryInst", "ICmpInst", "FCmpInst", "CallInst", "BranchInst", "ReturnInst", "GetElementPtrInst", "StoreInst", "LoadInst", "AllocaInst", "ZextInst", "FpToSiInst", "SiToFpInst", "PhiInst" ]
     for i in types:
         debugger.HandleCommand(
-            f"type summary add -F lldb_formatters.TypePrinterSummary {i} -w my"
+            f"type summary add -F lldb_formatters.SafePrintSummary {i} -w my"
         )
     debugger.HandleCommand("type category enable my")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/common/CMakeLists.txt b/src/common/CMakeLists.txt
index 5fe66a7fe24ab42e40a7f15ef1b92680c34d07f1..1d576f6ec6de18571c989adfc446e1777f0ccfb1 100755
--- a/src/common/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/common/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ add_library(common STATIC
     syntax_tree.c
     ast.cpp
     logging.cpp
-)
+    util.cpp)
 
 target_link_libraries(common)
 
diff --git a/src/common/util.cpp b/src/common/util.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..242fff3ac01926e9a5c34e2f793f687c02dc7047
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/util.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#include "util.hpp"
+
+std::string ptr_to_str(const void* ptr)
+{
+	const char* translate = "0123456789abcdef";
+
+	uintptr_t addr = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(ptr);
+
+	uintptr_t a = addr & 0xF;
+	uintptr_t b = (addr >> 4) & 0xF;
+	uintptr_t c = (addr >> 8) & 0xF;
+	uintptr_t d = (addr >> 12) & 0xF;
+
+	return {'<', translate[d], translate[c], translate[b], translate[a], '>'};
+}
diff --git a/src/lightir/BasicBlock.cpp b/src/lightir/BasicBlock.cpp
index 4e698d8779b2c13eba4a5f2c71a128d2d51bad59..3ba36f3494189f9fc4281066e24c2540f3d63e4e 100755
--- a/src/lightir/BasicBlock.cpp
+++ b/src/lightir/BasicBlock.cpp
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "Function.hpp"
 #include "IRprinter.hpp"
 #include "Module.hpp"
+#include "util.hpp"
 
 #include <cassert>
 
@@ -102,6 +103,16 @@ std::string BasicBlock::print() {
     return bb_ir;
 }
 
+std::string BasicBlock::safe_print() const
+{
+    Function* parent = parent_;
+    auto parentName = ((parent != nullptr) ? parent->get_name() : "f<null>");
+    auto name = get_name();
+    if (name.empty()) name = "b" + ptr_to_str(this);
+    if (parentName.empty()) parentName = "f" + ptr_to_str(parent);
+    return parentName + ":" + name + " " + std::to_string(instr_list_.size()) + "inst pre " + std::to_string(pre_bbs_.size()) + "b suc " + std::to_string(succ_bbs_.size()) + "b";
+}
+
 BasicBlock::~BasicBlock()
 {
     for (auto inst : instr_list_) delete inst;
diff --git a/src/lightir/Constant.cpp b/src/lightir/Constant.cpp
index 4e4edbbd29208999243fdd0736cc17dc0cb0ba52..7574ff529aad5bcd1d53c817521314835f7b0dba 100755
--- a/src/lightir/Constant.cpp
+++ b/src/lightir/Constant.cpp
@@ -31,6 +31,53 @@ static std::unordered_map<Type *, std::unique_ptr<ConstantZero>> cached_zero;
 
 Constant::~Constant() = default;
 
+std::string Constant::safe_print() const
+{
+    Type* ty = this->get_type();
+    return (ty == nullptr ? "<null>" : get_type()->safe_print()) + " " + safe_print_help();
+}
+
+std::string Constant::safe_print_help() const
+{
+    if (dynamic_cast<const ConstantZero*>(this))
+    {
+        return "zeroinitializer";
+    }
+    if (auto constant = dynamic_cast<const ConstantInt*>(this))
+    {
+        Type* ty = this->get_type();
+        if (ty != nullptr && ty->is_int1_type()) {
+            return constant->get_value() == 0 ? "false" : "true";
+        }
+        return std::to_string(constant->get_value());
+    }
+    if (auto constant = dynamic_cast<const ConstantFP*>(this))
+    {
+        std::stringstream fp_ir_ss;
+        std::string fp_ir;
+        double val = constant->get_value();
+        uint64_t uval;
+        memcpy(&uval, &val, sizeof(double));
+        fp_ir_ss << "0x" << std::hex << uval << '\n';
+        fp_ir_ss >> fp_ir;
+        return std::to_string(val) + "(" + fp_ir + ")";
+    }
+    if (auto constant = dynamic_cast<const ConstantArray*>(this))
+    {
+        std::string const_ir = "[";
+        for (int i = 0; i < constant->get_size_of_array(); i++) {
+            Constant* element = constant->get_element_value(i);
+            const_ir += (element == nullptr ? "<null>" : element->safe_print_help());
+            if (i < constant->get_size_of_array()) {
+                const_ir += ", ";
+            }
+        }
+        const_ir += "]";
+        return const_ir;
+    }
+    return "<error>";
+}
+
 ConstantInt *ConstantInt::get(int val, Module *m) {
     if (cached_int.find(std::make_pair(val, m)) != cached_int.end())
         return cached_int[std::make_pair(val, m)].get();
@@ -51,7 +98,7 @@ std::string ConstantInt::print() {
     std::string const_ir;
     Type *ty = this->get_type();
     if (ty->is_integer_type() &&
-        static_cast<IntegerType *>(ty)->get_num_bits() == 1) {
+        dynamic_cast<IntegerType *>(ty)->get_num_bits() == 1) {
         // int1
         const_ir += (this->get_value() == 0) ? "false" : "true";
     } else {
diff --git a/src/lightir/Function.cpp b/src/lightir/Function.cpp
index c1649dd91fe80dee0f1e80be5b1b771ac515eafa..813dd83f6ad5093746a9aad9037f6b4be3554369 100755
--- a/src/lightir/Function.cpp
+++ b/src/lightir/Function.cpp
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 #include <unordered_set>
 #include <queue>
 
-Function::Function(FunctionType *ty, const std::string &name, Module *parent)
+Function::Function(FunctionType* ty, const std::string& name, Module* parent)
     : Value(ty, name), parent_(parent), seq_cnt_(0) {
     // num_args_ = ty->getNumParams();
     parent->add_function(this);
@@ -21,16 +21,16 @@ Function::~Function()
     for (auto bb : basic_blocks_) delete bb;
 }
 
-Function *Function::create(FunctionType *ty, const std::string &name,
-                           Module *parent) {
+Function* Function::create(FunctionType* ty, const std::string& name,
+    Module* parent) {
     return new Function(ty, name, parent);
 }
 
-FunctionType *Function::get_function_type() const {
-    return dynamic_cast<FunctionType *>(get_type());
+FunctionType* Function::get_function_type() const {
+    return dynamic_cast<FunctionType*>(get_type());
 }
 
-Type *Function::get_return_type() const {
+Type* Function::get_return_type() const {
     return get_function_type()->get_return_type();
 }
 
@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ unsigned Function::get_num_of_args() const {
 
 unsigned Function::get_num_basic_blocks() const { return static_cast<unsigned>(basic_blocks_.size()); }
 
-Module *Function::get_parent() const { return parent_; }
+Module* Function::get_parent() const { return parent_; }
 
-void Function::remove(BasicBlock *bb) {
+void Function::remove(BasicBlock* bb) {
     basic_blocks_.remove(bb);
     for (auto pre : bb->get_pre_basic_blocks()) {
         pre->remove_succ_basic_block(bb);
@@ -52,15 +52,15 @@ void Function::remove(BasicBlock *bb) {
     }
 }
 
-void Function::add_basic_block(BasicBlock *bb) { basic_blocks_.push_back(bb); }
+void Function::add_basic_block(BasicBlock* bb) { basic_blocks_.push_back(bb); }
 
 void Function::set_instr_name() {
-    std::map<Value *, int> seq;
-    for (auto &arg : this->get_args()) {
+    std::map<Value*, int> seq;
+    for (auto& arg : this->get_args()) {
         if (seq.find(&arg) == seq.end()) {
             auto seq_num = seq.size() + seq_cnt_;
             if (arg.set_name("arg" + std::to_string(seq_num))) {
-                seq.insert({&arg, seq_num});
+                seq.insert({ &arg, seq_num });
             }
         }
     }
@@ -68,14 +68,14 @@ void Function::set_instr_name() {
         if (seq.find(bb) == seq.end()) {
             auto seq_num = seq.size() + seq_cnt_;
             if (bb->set_name("label" + std::to_string(seq_num))) {
-                seq.insert({bb, seq_num});
+                seq.insert({ bb, seq_num });
             }
         }
         for (auto instr : bb->get_instructions()) {
             if (!instr->is_void() && seq.find(instr) == seq.end()) {
                 auto seq_num = seq.size() + seq_cnt_;
                 if (instr->set_name("op" + std::to_string(seq_num))) {
-                    seq.insert({instr, seq_num});
+                    seq.insert({ instr, seq_num });
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -88,7 +88,8 @@ std::string Function::print() {
     std::string func_ir;
     if (this->is_declaration()) {
         func_ir += "declare ";
-    } else {
+    }
+    else {
         func_ir += "define ";
     }
 
@@ -102,12 +103,13 @@ std::string Function::print() {
         for (unsigned i = 0; i < this->get_num_of_args(); i++) {
             if (i)
                 func_ir += ", ";
-            func_ir += dynamic_cast<FunctionType *>(this->get_type())
-                       ->get_param_type(i)
-                       ->print();
+            func_ir += dynamic_cast<FunctionType*>(this->get_type())
+                ->get_param_type(i)
+                ->print();
         }
-    } else {
-        for (auto &arg : get_args()) {
+    }
+    else {
+        for (auto& arg : get_args()) {
             if (&arg != &*get_args().begin())
                 func_ir += ", ";
             func_ir += arg.print();
@@ -118,7 +120,8 @@ std::string Function::print() {
     // print bb
     if (this->is_declaration()) {
         func_ir += "\n";
-    } else {
+    }
+    else {
         func_ir += " {";
         func_ir += "\n";
         for (auto bb : this->get_basic_blocks()) {
@@ -138,6 +141,19 @@ std::string Argument::print() {
     return arg_ir;
 }
 
+std::string Argument::safe_print() const
+{
+    auto parent = parent_;
+    if (parent == nullptr)
+    {
+        return "@<null> arg" + std::to_string(arg_no_) + " <unknow type>";
+    }
+    auto ty = parent->get_function_type();
+    if (ty == nullptr || ty->get_num_of_args() <= arg_no_) return "@" + parent->get_name() + " arg" + std::to_string(arg_no_) + " <unknow type>";
+    auto ty2 = ty->get_param_type(arg_no_);
+    return "@" + parent->get_name() + " arg" + std::to_string(arg_no_) + " " + (ty2 == nullptr ? "<null>" : ty2->safe_print());
+}
+
 
 void Function::check_for_block_relation_error() const
 {
@@ -150,11 +166,11 @@ void Function::check_for_block_relation_error() const
     for (auto bb : basic_blocks_)
     {
         assert((bb->get_parent() == this) && "函数 F 的基本块表中包含基本块 a, 但 a 的 get_parent 方法不返回 F");
-        for (auto i: bb->get_succ_basic_blocks())
+        for (auto i : bb->get_succ_basic_blocks())
         {
             assert((bbs.count(i)) && "函数 F 的基本块表中包含基本块 a, a 的后继块表中的某基本块 b 不在 F 的基本块表中");
         }
-        for (auto i: bb->get_pre_basic_blocks())
+        for (auto i : bb->get_pre_basic_blocks())
         {
             assert((bbs.count(i)) && "函数 F 的基本块表中包含基本块 a, a 的前驱块表中的某基本块 b 不在 F 的基本块表中");
         }
@@ -170,7 +186,7 @@ void Function::check_for_block_relation_error() const
     // 检查基本块前驱后继关系是否是与 branch 指令对应
     for (auto bb : basic_blocks_)
     {
-        if(!bb->get_succ_basic_blocks().empty()){
+        if (!bb->get_succ_basic_blocks().empty()) {
             std::unordered_set<BasicBlock*> suc_table;
             std::unordered_set<BasicBlock*> br_get;
             for (auto suc : bb->get_succ_basic_blocks())
@@ -179,18 +195,18 @@ void Function::check_for_block_relation_error() const
             for (auto i : ops)
             {
                 auto bb2 = dynamic_cast<BasicBlock*>(i);
-                if(bb2 != nullptr) br_get.emplace(bb2);
+                if (bb2 != nullptr) br_get.emplace(bb2);
             }
             // 这三个检查保证有问题会报错，但不保证每次报错的基本块都相同
             // 例如 A, B 两个基本块都存在问题，可能有时 A 报错有时 B 报错
-            for(auto i : suc_table)
+            for (auto i : suc_table)
                 assert(br_get.count(i) && "基本块 A 的后继块有 B，但 B 并未在 A 的 br 指令中出现");
-            for(auto i : br_get)
+            for (auto i : br_get)
                 assert(suc_table.count(i) && "基本块 A 的后继块没有 B，但 B 在 A 的 br 指令中出现了");
-            for(auto i : suc_table) {
+            for (auto i : suc_table) {
                 bool ok = false;
-                for(auto j : i->get_pre_basic_blocks()) {
-                    if(j == bb){
+                for (auto j : i->get_pre_basic_blocks()) {
+                    if (j == bb) {
                         ok = true;
                         break;
                     }
@@ -213,7 +229,7 @@ void Function::check_for_block_relation_error() const
                     break;
                 }
             }
-            if (!ok) 
+            if (!ok)
                 assert(false && "基本块 A 的后继块表中没有 B，但 B 的前驱表中有 A");
         }
     }
@@ -222,7 +238,22 @@ void Function::check_for_block_relation_error() const
     {
         for (auto inst : bb->get_instructions())
         {
-            assert ((inst->get_parent() == bb) && "基本块 A 指令表包含指令 b, 但是 b 的 get_parent 函数不返回 A");
+            assert((inst->get_parent() == bb) && "基本块 A 指令表包含指令 b, 但是 b 的 get_parent 函数不返回 A");
         }
     }
 }
+
+std::string Function::safe_print() const
+{
+    auto ty = this->get_function_type();
+    if (ty == nullptr) return "unknown type @" + get_name();
+    auto ty2 = ty->get_return_type();
+    std::string func_ir = (ty2 == nullptr ? "<null>" : ty2->safe_print()) + " @";
+    func_ir += get_name() + "(";
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < ty->get_num_of_args(); i++) {
+        if (i) func_ir += ", ";
+        auto ty3 = ty->get_param_type(i);
+        func_ir += (ty3 == nullptr ? "<null>" : ty3->safe_print());
+    }
+    return func_ir + ") " + std::to_string(basic_blocks_.size()) + "b";
+}
diff --git a/src/lightir/GlobalVariable.cpp b/src/lightir/GlobalVariable.cpp
index 6d0f60f5a62f483d0c039a37ac8003d8815d4624..ebc7af7d1a9d5f5c28967f8de9bce9073f51be75 100755
--- a/src/lightir/GlobalVariable.cpp
+++ b/src/lightir/GlobalVariable.cpp
@@ -11,6 +11,18 @@ GlobalVariable::GlobalVariable(const std::string& name, Module *m, Type *ty,
     }
 } // global操作数为initval
 
+std::string GlobalVariable::safe_print() const
+{
+    std::string ret;
+    if (is_const_) ret += "const ";
+    auto ty = get_type();
+    if (ty == nullptr) ret += "<null> ";
+    else ret += ty->safe_print() + " ";
+    ret += get_name();
+    if (init_val_ != nullptr) ret += " " + init_val_->safe_print_help();
+    return ret;
+}
+
 GlobalVariable *GlobalVariable::create(const std::string& name, Module *m, Type *ty,
                                        bool is_const,
                                        Constant *init = nullptr) {
diff --git a/src/lightir/IRprinter.cpp b/src/lightir/IRprinter.cpp
index 53723648d890c1357d16226751732edcce24555f..0bcbbbadda6e08cbcc58949c15e2666fdbdf4fb9 100755
--- a/src/lightir/IRprinter.cpp
+++ b/src/lightir/IRprinter.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,127 @@ std::string print_as_op(Value *v, bool print_ty) {
     return op_ir;
 }
 
+static std::string safe_print_op_as_op(const Instruction* v, unsigned idx, bool print_ty) {
+    if (v->get_num_operand() <= idx) return  "op<unknown>";
+    Value* val = v->get_operand(idx);
+    if (val == nullptr) return "op<null>";
+    std::string op_ir;
+    if (print_ty) {
+        auto ty = val->get_type();
+        if (ty == nullptr) op_ir += "t<null> ";
+        else
+        {
+            op_ir += ty->safe_print();
+            op_ir += " ";
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (dynamic_cast<GlobalVariable*>(val) || dynamic_cast<Function*>(val)) {
+        op_ir += "@" + val->safe_get_name_or_ptr();
+    }
+    else if (auto constant = dynamic_cast<Constant*>(val)) {
+        op_ir += constant->safe_print_help();
+    }
+    else {
+        op_ir += "%" + val->safe_get_name_or_ptr();
+    }
+
+    return op_ir;
+}
+
+static std::string safe_print_as_op(const Value* v, bool print_ty) {
+    std::string op_ir;
+    if (print_ty) {
+        auto ty = v->get_type();
+        if (ty == nullptr) op_ir += "t<null> ";
+        else
+        {
+            op_ir += ty->safe_print();
+            op_ir += " ";
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (dynamic_cast<const GlobalVariable*>(v) || dynamic_cast<const Function*>(v)) {
+        op_ir += "@" + v->safe_get_name_or_ptr();
+    }
+    else if (auto constant = dynamic_cast<const Constant*>(v)) {
+        op_ir += constant->safe_print_help();
+    }
+    else {
+        op_ir += "%" + v->safe_get_name_or_ptr();
+    }
+
+    return op_ir;
+}
+
+static const char* safe_print_instr_op_name(Instruction::OpID id) {
+    switch (id) {
+    case Instruction::ret:
+        return "ret";
+    case Instruction::br:
+        return "br";
+    case Instruction::add:
+        return "add";
+    case Instruction::sub:
+        return "sub";
+    case Instruction::mul:
+        return "mul";
+    case Instruction::sdiv:
+        return "sdiv";
+    case Instruction::fadd:
+        return "fadd";
+    case Instruction::fsub:
+        return "fsub";
+    case Instruction::fmul:
+        return "fmul";
+    case Instruction::fdiv:
+        return "fdiv";
+    case Instruction::alloca:
+        return "alloca";
+    case Instruction::load:
+        return "load";
+    case Instruction::store:
+        return "store";
+    case Instruction::ge:
+        return "sge";
+    case Instruction::gt:
+        return "sgt";
+    case Instruction::le:
+        return "sle";
+    case Instruction::lt:
+        return "slt";
+    case Instruction::eq:
+        return "eq";
+    case Instruction::ne:
+        return "ne";
+    case Instruction::fge:
+        return "uge";
+    case Instruction::fgt:
+        return "ugt";
+    case Instruction::fle:
+        return "ule";
+    case Instruction::flt:
+        return "ult";
+    case Instruction::feq:
+        return "ueq";
+    case Instruction::fne:
+        return "une";
+    case Instruction::phi:
+        return "phi";
+    case Instruction::call:
+        return "call";
+    case Instruction::getelementptr:
+        return "getelementptr";
+    case Instruction::zext:
+        return "zext";
+    case Instruction::fptosi:
+        return "fptosi";
+    case Instruction::sitofp:
+        return "sitofp";
+    }
+    return "inst<unknown>";
+}
+
 std::string print_instr_op_name(Instruction::OpID id) {
     switch (id) {
     case Instruction::ret:
@@ -91,6 +212,236 @@ std::string print_instr_op_name(Instruction::OpID id) {
     assert(false && "Must be bug");
 }
 
+std::string Instruction::safe_print() const
+{
+    switch (op_id_)
+    {
+        case ret:
+	        {
+                std::string instr_ir;
+                instr_ir += get_instr_op_name();
+                instr_ir += " ";
+                if (!dynamic_cast<const ReturnInst*>(this)->is_void_ret()) {
+                    instr_ir += this->get_operand(0)->get_type()->print();
+                    instr_ir += " ";
+                    instr_ir += print_as_op(this->get_operand(0), false);
+                }
+                else {
+                    instr_ir += "void";
+                }
+                return instr_ir;
+	        }
+        case br:
+	        {
+                std::string instr_ir;
+                instr_ir += safe_print_instr_op_name(get_instr_type());
+                instr_ir += " ";
+                instr_ir += safe_print_op_as_op(this, 0, true);
+                if (dynamic_cast<const BranchInst*>(this)->is_cond_br()) {
+                    instr_ir += ", ";
+                    instr_ir += safe_print_op_as_op(this, 1, true);
+                    instr_ir += ", ";
+                    instr_ir += safe_print_op_as_op(this, 2, true);
+                }
+                return instr_ir;
+	        }
+        case add:
+        case sub:
+        case mul:
+        case sdiv:
+        case fadd:
+        case fsub:
+        case fmul:
+        case fdiv:
+            {
+                std::string instr_ir;
+                instr_ir += safe_print_as_op(this, true);
+                instr_ir += " = ";
+                instr_ir += safe_print_instr_op_name(op_id_);
+                instr_ir += " ";
+                instr_ir += safe_print_op_as_op(this, 0, true);
+                instr_ir += ", ";
+                instr_ir += safe_print_op_as_op(this, 1, true);
+                return instr_ir;
+            }
+        case alloca:
+	        {
+                std::string instr_ir;
+                instr_ir += safe_print_as_op(this, true);
+                instr_ir += " = ";
+                instr_ir += get_instr_op_name();
+                instr_ir += " ";
+                auto ty = get_type();
+                if (ty == nullptr || !ty->is_pointer_type())
+                {
+                    instr_ir += "t<unknown>";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    auto ty2 = ty->get_pointer_element_type();
+                    if (ty2 == nullptr)
+                        instr_ir += "t<null>";
+                    else instr_ir += ty2->safe_print();
+                }
+                return instr_ir;
+	        }
+        case load:
+	        {
+                std::string instr_ir;
+                instr_ir += safe_print_as_op(this, true);
+                instr_ir += " = ";
+                instr_ir += safe_print_instr_op_name(get_instr_type());
+                instr_ir += " ";
+                instr_ir += safe_print_op_as_op(this, 0, true);
+                return instr_ir;
+	        }
+        case store:
+	        {
+                std::string instr_ir;
+                instr_ir += safe_print_instr_op_name(get_instr_type());
+                instr_ir += " ";
+                instr_ir += safe_print_op_as_op(this, 0, true);
+                instr_ir += ", ";
+                instr_ir += safe_print_op_as_op(this, 1, true);
+                return instr_ir;
+	        }
+        case ge:
+        case gt:
+        case le:
+        case lt:
+        case eq:
+        case ne:
+            {
+                std::string instr_ir;
+                instr_ir += safe_print_as_op(this, true);
+                instr_ir += " = icmp ";
+                instr_ir += safe_print_instr_op_name(op_id_);
+                instr_ir += " ";
+                instr_ir += safe_print_op_as_op(this, 0, true);
+                instr_ir += ", ";
+                instr_ir += safe_print_op_as_op(this, 1, true);
+                return instr_ir;
+            }
+        case fge:
+        case fgt:
+        case fle:
+        case flt:
+        case feq:
+        case fne:
+            {
+                std::string instr_ir;
+                instr_ir += safe_print_as_op(this, true);
+                instr_ir += " = fcmp ";
+                instr_ir += safe_print_instr_op_name(op_id_);
+                instr_ir += " ";
+                instr_ir += safe_print_op_as_op(this, 0, true);
+                instr_ir += ", ";
+                instr_ir += safe_print_op_as_op(this, 1, true);
+                return instr_ir;
+            }
+        case phi:
+	        {
+        		std::string instr_ir;
+                instr_ir += safe_print_as_op(this, true);
+                instr_ir += " = ";
+                instr_ir += safe_print_instr_op_name(get_instr_type());
+                instr_ir += " ";
+                for (unsigned i = 0; i < this->get_num_operand() / 2; i++) {
+                    if (i > 0)
+                        instr_ir += ", ";
+                    instr_ir += "[ ";
+                    instr_ir += safe_print_op_as_op(this, i << 1, true);
+                    instr_ir += ", ";
+                    instr_ir += safe_print_op_as_op(this, (i << 1) + 1, true);
+                    instr_ir += " ]";
+                }
+                return instr_ir;
+	        }
+        case call:
+            {
+                std::string instr_ir;
+                auto ty = get_type();
+                if (ty == nullptr || !ty->is_void_type())
+                {
+                    instr_ir += safe_print_as_op(this, true);
+                    instr_ir += " = ";
+                }
+                instr_ir += safe_print_instr_op_name(op_id_);
+                instr_ir += " ";
+
+                if (get_num_operand() == 0)
+                {
+                    return instr_ir + "<error no operand>";
+                }
+
+                auto op0 = get_operand(0);
+
+                if (op0 == nullptr)
+                {
+                    instr_ir += "ft<null> ";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    if (auto fty = dynamic_cast<FunctionType*>(ty))
+                    {
+                        auto ty3 = fty->get_return_type();
+                        if (ty3 == nullptr)
+                            instr_ir += "t<null> ";
+                        else
+                            instr_ir += ty3->safe_print();
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        instr_ir += "<error not func> ";
+                        instr_ir += safe_print_as_op(op0, true);
+                        return instr_ir;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                instr_ir += " ";
+                instr_ir += safe_print_op_as_op(this, 0, false);
+                instr_ir += "(";
+                for (unsigned i = 1; i < this->get_num_operand(); i++) {
+                    if (i > 1)
+                        instr_ir += ", ";
+                    instr_ir += safe_print_op_as_op(this, i, true);
+                }
+                instr_ir += ")";
+                return instr_ir;
+            }
+        case getelementptr:
+	        {
+                std::string instr_ir;
+                instr_ir += safe_print_as_op(this, true);
+                instr_ir += " = ";
+                instr_ir += safe_print_instr_op_name(get_instr_type());
+                instr_ir += " ";
+                for (unsigned i = 0; i < this->get_num_operand(); i++) {
+                    if (i > 0)
+                        instr_ir += ", ";
+                    instr_ir += safe_print_op_as_op(this, i, true);
+                }
+                return instr_ir;
+	        }
+        case zext:
+        case fptosi:
+        case sitofp:
+	        {
+                std::string instr_ir;
+                instr_ir += safe_print_as_op(this, true);
+                instr_ir += " = ";
+                instr_ir += safe_print_instr_op_name(get_instr_type());
+                instr_ir += " ";
+                instr_ir += safe_print_op_as_op(this, 0, true);
+                return instr_ir;
+	        }
+    }
+    std::string str;
+    str += safe_print_as_op(this, true);
+    str += " = unknown inst";
+    return str;
+}
+
 template <class BinInst>
 static std::string print_binary_inst(const BinInst &inst) {
     std::string instr_ir;
@@ -111,6 +462,7 @@ static std::string print_binary_inst(const BinInst &inst) {
     return instr_ir;
 }
 std::string IBinaryInst::print() { return print_binary_inst(*this); }
+
 std::string FBinaryInst::print() { return print_binary_inst(*this); }
 
 template <class CMP>
@@ -140,6 +492,7 @@ static std::string print_cmp_inst(const CMP &inst) {
     return instr_ir;
 }
 std::string ICmpInst::print() { return print_cmp_inst(*this); }
+
 std::string FCmpInst::print() { return print_cmp_inst(*this); }
 
 std::string CallInst::print() {
@@ -185,12 +538,10 @@ std::string BranchInst::print() {
 
 std::string ReturnInst::print() {
     std::string instr_ir;
-    instr_ir += get_instr_op_name();
+    instr_ir += safe_print_instr_op_name(get_instr_type());
     instr_ir += " ";
     if (!is_void_ret()) {
-        instr_ir += this->get_operand(0)->get_type()->print();
-        instr_ir += " ";
-        instr_ir += print_as_op(this->get_operand(0), false);
+        instr_ir += safe_print_op_as_op(this, 0, true);
     } else {
         instr_ir += "void";
     }
diff --git a/src/lightir/Instruction.cpp b/src/lightir/Instruction.cpp
index ca79ca9db1c7437e3d1e1cfc087cc921fe06452a..9b06b4ca3c3b9412273a61ef74253e9d3b7e7568 100755
--- a/src/lightir/Instruction.cpp
+++ b/src/lightir/Instruction.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ std::string Instruction::get_instr_op_name() const {
 }
 
 IBinaryInst::IBinaryInst(OpID id, Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb)
-    : BaseInst<IBinaryInst>(bb->get_module()->get_int32_type(), id, bb) {
+    : Instruction(bb->get_module()->get_int32_type(), id, bb) {
     assert(v1->get_type()->is_int32_type() && v2->get_type()->is_int32_type() &&
            "IBinaryInst operands are not both i32");
     add_operand(v1);
@@ -34,20 +34,20 @@ IBinaryInst::IBinaryInst(OpID id, Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb)
 }
 
 IBinaryInst *IBinaryInst::create_add(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(add, v1, v2, bb);
+    return new IBinaryInst(add, v1, v2, bb);
 }
 IBinaryInst *IBinaryInst::create_sub(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(sub, v1, v2, bb);
+    return new IBinaryInst(sub, v1, v2, bb);
 }
 IBinaryInst *IBinaryInst::create_mul(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(mul, v1, v2, bb);
+    return new IBinaryInst(mul, v1, v2, bb);
 }
 IBinaryInst *IBinaryInst::create_sdiv(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(sdiv, v1, v2, bb);
+    return new IBinaryInst(sdiv, v1, v2, bb);
 }
 
 FBinaryInst::FBinaryInst(OpID id, Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb)
-    : BaseInst<FBinaryInst>(bb->get_module()->get_float_type(), id, bb) {
+    : Instruction(bb->get_module()->get_float_type(), id, bb) {
     assert(v1->get_type()->is_float_type() && v2->get_type()->is_float_type() &&
            "FBinaryInst operands are not both float");
     add_operand(v1);
@@ -55,20 +55,20 @@ FBinaryInst::FBinaryInst(OpID id, Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb)
 }
 
 FBinaryInst *FBinaryInst::create_fadd(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(fadd, v1, v2, bb);
+    return new FBinaryInst(fadd, v1, v2, bb);
 }
 FBinaryInst *FBinaryInst::create_fsub(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(fsub, v1, v2, bb);
+    return new FBinaryInst(fsub, v1, v2, bb);
 }
 FBinaryInst *FBinaryInst::create_fmul(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(fmul, v1, v2, bb);
+    return new FBinaryInst(fmul, v1, v2, bb);
 }
 FBinaryInst *FBinaryInst::create_fdiv(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(fdiv, v1, v2, bb);
+    return new FBinaryInst(fdiv, v1, v2, bb);
 }
 
 ICmpInst::ICmpInst(OpID id, Value *lhs, Value *rhs, BasicBlock *bb)
-    : BaseInst<ICmpInst>(bb->get_module()->get_int1_type(), id, bb) {
+    : Instruction(bb->get_module()->get_int1_type(), id, bb) {
     assert(lhs->get_type()->is_int32_type() &&
            rhs->get_type()->is_int32_type() &&
            "CmpInst operands are not both i32");
@@ -77,26 +77,26 @@ ICmpInst::ICmpInst(OpID id, Value *lhs, Value *rhs, BasicBlock *bb)
 }
 
 ICmpInst *ICmpInst::create_ge(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(ge, v1, v2, bb);
+    return new ICmpInst(ge, v1, v2, bb);
 }
 ICmpInst *ICmpInst::create_gt(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(gt, v1, v2, bb);
+    return new ICmpInst(gt, v1, v2, bb);
 }
 ICmpInst *ICmpInst::create_le(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(le, v1, v2, bb);
+    return new ICmpInst(le, v1, v2, bb);
 }
 ICmpInst *ICmpInst::create_lt(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(lt, v1, v2, bb);
+    return new ICmpInst(lt, v1, v2, bb);
 }
 ICmpInst *ICmpInst::create_eq(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(eq, v1, v2, bb);
+    return new ICmpInst(eq, v1, v2, bb);
 }
 ICmpInst *ICmpInst::create_ne(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(ne, v1, v2, bb);
+    return new ICmpInst(ne, v1, v2, bb);
 }
 
 FCmpInst::FCmpInst(OpID id, Value *lhs, Value *rhs, BasicBlock *bb)
-    : BaseInst<FCmpInst>(bb->get_module()->get_int1_type(), id, bb) {
+    : Instruction(bb->get_module()->get_int1_type(), id, bb) {
     assert(lhs->get_type()->is_float_type() &&
            rhs->get_type()->is_float_type() &&
            "FCmpInst operands are not both float");
@@ -105,26 +105,26 @@ FCmpInst::FCmpInst(OpID id, Value *lhs, Value *rhs, BasicBlock *bb)
 }
 
 FCmpInst *FCmpInst::create_fge(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(fge, v1, v2, bb);
+    return new FCmpInst(fge, v1, v2, bb);
 }
 FCmpInst *FCmpInst::create_fgt(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(fgt, v1, v2, bb);
+    return new FCmpInst(fgt, v1, v2, bb);
 }
 FCmpInst *FCmpInst::create_fle(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(fle, v1, v2, bb);
+    return new FCmpInst(fle, v1, v2, bb);
 }
 FCmpInst *FCmpInst::create_flt(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(flt, v1, v2, bb);
+    return new FCmpInst(flt, v1, v2, bb);
 }
 FCmpInst *FCmpInst::create_feq(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(feq, v1, v2, bb);
+    return new FCmpInst(feq, v1, v2, bb);
 }
 FCmpInst *FCmpInst::create_fne(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(fne, v1, v2, bb);
+    return new FCmpInst(fne, v1, v2, bb);
 }
 
 CallInst::CallInst(Function *func, const std::vector<Value *>& args, BasicBlock *bb)
-    : BaseInst<CallInst>(func->get_return_type(), call, bb) {
+    : Instruction(func->get_return_type(), call, bb) {
     assert(func->get_type()->is_function_type() && "Not a function");
     assert((func->get_num_of_args() == args.size()) && "Wrong number of args");
     add_operand(func);
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ CallInst::CallInst(Function *func, const std::vector<Value *>& args, BasicBlock
 
 CallInst *CallInst::create_call(Function *func, const std::vector<Value *>& args,
                                 BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(func, args, bb);
+    return new CallInst(func, args, bb);
 }
 
 FunctionType *CallInst::get_function_type() const {
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ FunctionType *CallInst::get_function_type() const {
 
 BranchInst::BranchInst(Value *cond, BasicBlock *if_true, BasicBlock *if_false,
                        BasicBlock *bb)
-    : BaseInst<BranchInst>(bb->get_module()->get_void_type(), br, bb) {
+    : Instruction(bb->get_module()->get_void_type(), br, bb) {
     if (cond == nullptr) { // conditionless jump
         assert(if_false == nullptr && "Given false-bb on conditionless jump");
         add_operand(if_true);
@@ -186,15 +186,15 @@ BranchInst::~BranchInst() {
 
 BranchInst *BranchInst::create_cond_br(Value *cond, BasicBlock *if_true,
                                        BasicBlock *if_false, BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(cond, if_true, if_false, bb);
+    return new BranchInst(cond, if_true, if_false, bb);
 }
 
 BranchInst *BranchInst::create_br(BasicBlock *if_true, BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(nullptr, if_true, nullptr, bb);
+    return new BranchInst(nullptr, if_true, nullptr, bb);
 }
 
 ReturnInst::ReturnInst(Value *val, BasicBlock *bb)
-    : BaseInst<ReturnInst>(bb->get_module()->get_void_type(), ret, bb) {
+    : Instruction(bb->get_module()->get_void_type(), ret, bb) {
     if (val == nullptr) {
         assert(bb->get_parent()->get_return_type()->is_void_type());
     } else {
@@ -207,17 +207,17 @@ ReturnInst::ReturnInst(Value *val, BasicBlock *bb)
 }
 
 ReturnInst *ReturnInst::create_ret(Value *val, BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(val, bb);
+    return new ReturnInst(val, bb);
 }
 ReturnInst *ReturnInst::create_void_ret(BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(nullptr, bb);
+    return new ReturnInst(nullptr, bb);
 }
 
 bool ReturnInst::is_void_ret() const { return get_num_operand() == 0; }
 
 GetElementPtrInst::GetElementPtrInst(Value *ptr, const std::vector<Value *>& idxs,
                                      BasicBlock *bb)
-    : BaseInst<GetElementPtrInst>(PointerType::get(get_element_type(ptr, idxs)),
+    : Instruction(PointerType::get(get_element_type(ptr, idxs)),
                                   getelementptr, bb) {
     add_operand(ptr);
     for (auto idx : idxs)
@@ -258,11 +258,11 @@ Type *GetElementPtrInst::get_element_type() const {
 GetElementPtrInst *GetElementPtrInst::create_gep(Value *ptr,
                                                  const std::vector<Value *>& idxs,
                                                  BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(ptr, idxs, bb);
+    return new GetElementPtrInst(ptr, idxs, bb);
 }
 
 StoreInst::StoreInst(Value *val, Value *ptr, BasicBlock *bb)
-    : BaseInst<StoreInst>(bb->get_module()->get_void_type(), store, bb) {
+    : Instruction(bb->get_module()->get_void_type(), store, bb) {
     assert((ptr->get_type()->get_pointer_element_type() == val->get_type()) &&
            "StoreInst ptr is not a pointer to val type");
     add_operand(val);
@@ -270,11 +270,11 @@ StoreInst::StoreInst(Value *val, Value *ptr, BasicBlock *bb)
 }
 
 StoreInst *StoreInst::create_store(Value *val, Value *ptr, BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(val, ptr, bb);
+    return new StoreInst(val, ptr, bb);
 }
 
 LoadInst::LoadInst(Value *ptr, BasicBlock *bb)
-    : BaseInst<LoadInst>(ptr->get_type()->get_pointer_element_type(), load,
+    : Instruction(ptr->get_type()->get_pointer_element_type(), load,
                          bb) {
     assert((get_type()->is_integer_type() or get_type()->is_float_type() or
             get_type()->is_pointer_type()) &&
@@ -283,12 +283,12 @@ LoadInst::LoadInst(Value *ptr, BasicBlock *bb)
 }
 
 LoadInst *LoadInst::create_load(Value *ptr, BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(ptr, bb);
+    return new LoadInst(ptr, bb);
 }
 
 AllocaInst::AllocaInst(Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb)
-    : BaseInst<AllocaInst>(PointerType::get(ty), alloca, bb) {
-    static constexpr std::array allowed_alloc_type = {
+    : Instruction(PointerType::get(ty), alloca, bb) {
+    static constexpr std::array<Type::TypeID, 4> allowed_alloc_type = {
         Type::IntegerTyID, Type::FloatTyID, Type::ArrayTyID, Type::PointerTyID};
     assert(std::find(allowed_alloc_type.begin(), allowed_alloc_type.end(),
                      ty->get_type_id()) != allowed_alloc_type.end() &&
@@ -296,11 +296,11 @@ AllocaInst::AllocaInst(Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb)
 }
 
 AllocaInst *AllocaInst::create_alloca(Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(ty, bb);
+    return new AllocaInst(ty, bb);
 }
 
 ZextInst::ZextInst(Value *val, Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb)
-    : BaseInst<ZextInst>(ty, zext, bb) {
+    : Instruction(ty, zext, bb) {
     assert(val->get_type()->is_integer_type() &&
            "ZextInst operand is not integer");
     assert(ty->is_integer_type() && "ZextInst destination type is not integer");
@@ -312,14 +312,14 @@ ZextInst::ZextInst(Value *val, Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb)
 }
 
 ZextInst *ZextInst::create_zext(Value *val, Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(val, ty, bb);
+    return new ZextInst(val, ty, bb);
 }
 ZextInst *ZextInst::create_zext_to_i32(Value *val, BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(val, bb->get_module()->get_int32_type(), bb);
+    return new ZextInst(val, bb->get_module()->get_int32_type(), bb);
 }
 
 FpToSiInst::FpToSiInst(Value *val, Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb)
-    : BaseInst<FpToSiInst>(ty, fptosi, bb) {
+    : Instruction(ty, fptosi, bb) {
     assert(val->get_type()->is_float_type() &&
            "FpToSiInst operand is not float");
     assert(ty->is_integer_type() &&
@@ -328,14 +328,14 @@ FpToSiInst::FpToSiInst(Value *val, Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb)
 }
 
 FpToSiInst *FpToSiInst::create_fptosi(Value *val, Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(val, ty, bb);
+    return new FpToSiInst(val, ty, bb);
 }
 FpToSiInst *FpToSiInst::create_fptosi_to_i32(Value *val, BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(val, bb->get_module()->get_int32_type(), bb);
+    return new FpToSiInst(val, bb->get_module()->get_int32_type(), bb);
 }
 
 SiToFpInst::SiToFpInst(Value *val, Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb)
-    : BaseInst<SiToFpInst>(ty, sitofp, bb) {
+    : Instruction(ty, sitofp, bb) {
     assert(val->get_type()->is_integer_type() &&
            "SiToFpInst operand is not integer");
     assert(ty->is_float_type() && "SiToFpInst destination type is not float");
@@ -343,12 +343,12 @@ SiToFpInst::SiToFpInst(Value *val, Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb)
 }
 
 SiToFpInst *SiToFpInst::create_sitofp(Value *val, BasicBlock *bb) {
-    return create(val, bb->get_module()->get_float_type(), bb);
+    return new SiToFpInst(val, bb->get_module()->get_float_type(), bb);
 }
 
 PhiInst::PhiInst(Type *ty, const std::vector<Value *>& vals,
                  const std::vector<BasicBlock *>& val_bbs, BasicBlock *bb)
-    : BaseInst<PhiInst>(ty, phi) {
+    : Instruction(ty, phi) {
     assert(vals.size() == val_bbs.size() && "Unmatched vals and bbs");
     for (unsigned i = 0; i < vals.size(); i++) {
         assert(ty == vals[i]->get_type() && "Bad type for phi");
@@ -361,5 +361,5 @@ PhiInst::PhiInst(Type *ty, const std::vector<Value *>& vals,
 PhiInst *PhiInst::create_phi(Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb,
                              const std::vector<Value *>& vals,
                              const std::vector<BasicBlock *>& val_bbs) {
-    return create(ty, vals, val_bbs, bb);
+    return new PhiInst(ty, vals, val_bbs, bb);
 }
diff --git a/src/lightir/Type.cpp b/src/lightir/Type.cpp
index d5106cba4a0d46005cc45f2eb7324081e8583363..bc84cf3965815a793575ed6274a7bc358ea712c9 100755
--- a/src/lightir/Type.cpp
+++ b/src/lightir/Type.cpp
@@ -111,6 +111,52 @@ std::string Type::print() const {
     return type_ir;
 }
 
+std::string Type::safe_print() const
+{
+    switch (this->get_type_id()) {
+    case VoidTyID:
+        return "void";
+    case LabelTyID:
+        return "label";
+    case IntegerTyID:
+	    {
+		    auto ty = dynamic_cast<const IntegerType*>(this);
+            if (ty == nullptr) return "<not IntegerType>";
+    		return "i" + std::to_string(ty->get_num_bits());
+	    }
+    case FunctionTyID:
+	    {
+			auto ty = dynamic_cast<const FunctionType*>(this);
+			if (ty == nullptr) return "<not FunctionType>";
+            auto ty2 = ty->get_return_type();
+            std::string type_ir = (ty2 == nullptr ? "<null>" : ty2->safe_print()) + " (";
+			for (unsigned i = 0; i < ty->get_num_of_args(); i++) {
+				if (i) type_ir += ", ";
+                ty2 = ty->get_param_type(i);
+				type_ir += (ty2 == nullptr ? "<null>" : ty2->safe_print());
+			}
+            return type_ir + ")";
+	    }
+    case PointerTyID:
+	    {
+			auto ty = dynamic_cast<const PointerType*>(this);
+            if (ty == nullptr) return "<not PointerType>";
+            auto ty2 = ty->get_element_type();
+            return (ty2 == nullptr ? "<null>" : ty2->safe_print()) + "*";
+	    }
+    case ArrayTyID:
+	    {
+			auto ty = dynamic_cast<const ArrayType*>(this);
+            if (ty == nullptr) return "<not ArrayType>";
+            auto ty2 = ty->get_element_type();
+            return "[" + std::to_string(ty->get_num_of_elements()) + "x" + (ty2 == nullptr ? "<null>" : ty2->safe_print()) + "]";
+	    }
+    case FloatTyID:
+        return "float";
+    }
+    return "<error>";
+}
+
 IntegerType::IntegerType(unsigned num_bits, Module *m)
     : Type(Type::IntegerTyID, m), num_bits_(num_bits)
 {
diff --git a/src/lightir/Value.cpp b/src/lightir/Value.cpp
index 517457e6600cec6149851ee6c4f59ab0a303a55f..f41ec7a7174b09b44a1e8cf9a76469a040e4c1f6 100755
--- a/src/lightir/Value.cpp
+++ b/src/lightir/Value.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "Value.hpp"
 #include "User.hpp"
+#include "util.hpp"
 
 
 Value::~Value() { replace_all_use_with(nullptr); }
@@ -42,3 +43,9 @@ void Value::replace_use_with_if(Value *new_val,
         use.val_->set_operand(use.arg_no_, new_val);
     }
 }
+
+std::string Value::safe_get_name_or_ptr() const
+{
+    if (name_.empty()) return ptr_to_str(this);
+    return name_;
+}