Merge branch 'lab2-publish'

.clang-format

+BasedOnStyle: LLVM
+IndentWidth: 4
\ No newline at end of file

.gitignore

 build/
 .cache/
+.vscode
+.DS_store
\ No newline at end of file

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -51,3 +51,4 @@ set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR})
 include_directories(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR})
 include_directories(${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR})
 add_subdirectory(src)
+add_subdirectory(tests)

README.md

@@ -7,19 +7,5 @@
 
 ## 测试脚本使用方法
 
-eval_phase1.sh: 测试phase1 词法分析器+语法分析器部分
-
-    -all: 测试所有测试集 (easy, normal, hard, testcases_general)
-
-    easy/normal/hard/testcases_general + yes/no/verbose: 测试单个测试集
-
-        yes: 使用diff判断正确性
-
-        no: 不使用diff判断正确性
-
-        verbose: 使用diff判断正确性，并看到更详细的输出
-
-eval_phase2.sh: 测试phase2 syntax_tree -> ast 部分
-
-    使用方法与eval_phase1.sh完全相同, 会自动跳过生成syntax_tree fail的样例
-    
\ No newline at end of file
+eval_lab2.sh: 
+    没有参数，直接运行即可，结果会生成在 eval_result 下
\ No newline at end of file

include/cminusfc/cminusf_builder.hpp

+#pragma once
+
+#include "BasicBlock.hpp"
+#include "Constant.hpp"
+#include "Function.hpp"
+#include "IRBuilder.hpp"
+#include "Module.hpp"
+#include "Type.hpp"
+#include "ast.hpp"
+
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+
+class Scope {
+  public:
+    // enter a new scope
+    void enter() { inner.emplace_back(); }
+
+    // exit a scope
+    void exit() { inner.pop_back(); }
+
+    bool in_global() { return inner.size() == 1; }
+
+    // push a name to scope
+    // return true if successful
+    // return false if this name already exits
+    bool push(const std::string& name, Value *val) {
+        auto result = inner[inner.size() - 1].insert({name, val});
+        return result.second;
+    }
+
+    Value *find(const std::string& name) {
+        for (auto s = inner.rbegin(); s != inner.rend(); s++) {
+            auto iter = s->find(name);
+            if (iter != s->end()) {
+                return iter->second;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Name not found: handled here?
+        assert(false && "Name not found in scope");
+
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    std::vector<std::map<std::string, Value *>> inner;
+};
+
+class CminusfBuilder : public ASTVisitor {
+  public:
+    CminusfBuilder() {
+        module = std::make_unique<Module>();
+        builder = std::make_unique<IRBuilder>(nullptr, module.get());
+        auto *TyVoid = module->get_void_type();
+        auto *TyInt32 = module->get_int32_type();
+        auto *TyFloat = module->get_float_type();
+
+        auto *input_type = FunctionType::get(TyInt32, {});
+        auto *input_fun = Function::create(input_type, "input", module.get());
+
+        std::vector<Type *> output_params;
+        output_params.push_back(TyInt32);
+        auto *output_type = FunctionType::get(TyVoid, output_params);
+        auto *output_fun = Function::create(output_type, "output", module.get());
+
+        std::vector<Type *> output_float_params;
+        output_float_params.push_back(TyFloat);
+        auto *output_float_type = FunctionType::get(TyVoid, output_float_params);
+        auto *output_float_fun =
+            Function::create(output_float_type, "outputFloat", module.get());
+
+        auto *neg_idx_except_type = FunctionType::get(TyVoid, {});
+        auto *neg_idx_except_fun = Function::create(
+            neg_idx_except_type, "neg_idx_except", module.get());
+
+        scope.enter();
+        scope.push("input", input_fun);
+        scope.push("output", output_fun);
+        scope.push("outputFloat", output_float_fun);
+        scope.push("neg_idx_except", neg_idx_except_fun);
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<Module> getModule() { return std::move(module); }
+
+  private:
+    virtual Value *visit(ASTProgram &) override final;
+    virtual Value *visit(ASTNum &) override final;
+    virtual Value *visit(ASTVarDeclaration &) override final;
+    virtual Value *visit(ASTFunDeclaration &) override final;
+    virtual Value *visit(ASTParam &) override final;
+    virtual Value *visit(ASTCompoundStmt &) override final;
+    virtual Value *visit(ASTExpressionStmt &) override final;
+    virtual Value *visit(ASTSelectionStmt &) override final;
+    virtual Value *visit(ASTIterationStmt &) override final;
+    virtual Value *visit(ASTReturnStmt &) override final;
+    virtual Value *visit(ASTAssignExpression &) override final;
+    virtual Value *visit(ASTSimpleExpression &) override final;
+    virtual Value *visit(ASTAdditiveExpression &) override final;
+    virtual Value *visit(ASTVar &) override final;
+    virtual Value *visit(ASTTerm &) override final;
+    virtual Value *visit(ASTCall &) override final;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<IRBuilder> builder;
+    Scope scope;
+    std::unique_ptr<Module> module;
+
+    struct {
+        // function that is being built
+        Function *func = nullptr;
+        // TODO: you should add more fields to store state
+    } context;
+};

include/common/ast.hpp

 #pragma once
 
+#include <cstdarg>
 extern "C" {
 #include "syntax_tree.h"
 extern syntax_tree *parse(const char *input);
 }
+#include "User.hpp"
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
@@ -83,12 +85,12 @@ class AST {
 };
 
 struct ASTNode {
-    virtual void accept(ASTVisitor &) = 0;
+    virtual Value* accept(ASTVisitor &) = 0;
     virtual ~ASTNode() = default;
 };
 
 struct ASTProgram : ASTNode {
-    virtual void accept(ASTVisitor &) override final;
+    virtual Value* accept(ASTVisitor &) override final;
     virtual ~ASTProgram() = default;
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<ASTDeclaration>> declarations;
 };
@@ -104,7 +106,7 @@ struct ASTFactor : ASTNode {
 };
 
 struct ASTNum : ASTFactor {
-    virtual void accept(ASTVisitor &) override final;
+    virtual Value* accept(ASTVisitor &) override final;
     CminusType type;
     union {
         int i_val;
@@ -113,18 +115,18 @@ struct ASTNum : ASTFactor {
 };
 
 struct ASTVarDeclaration : ASTDeclaration {
-    virtual void accept(ASTVisitor &) override final;
+    virtual Value* accept(ASTVisitor &) override final;
     std::shared_ptr<ASTNum> num;
 };
 
 struct ASTFunDeclaration : ASTDeclaration {
-    virtual void accept(ASTVisitor &) override final;
+    virtual Value* accept(ASTVisitor &) override final;
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<ASTParam>> params;
     std::shared_ptr<ASTCompoundStmt> compound_stmt;
 };
 
 struct ASTParam : ASTNode {
-    virtual void accept(ASTVisitor &) override final;
+    virtual Value* accept(ASTVisitor &) override final;
     CminusType type;
     std::string id;
     // true if it is array param
@@ -136,18 +138,18 @@ struct ASTStatement : ASTNode {
 };
 
 struct ASTCompoundStmt : ASTStatement {
-    virtual void accept(ASTVisitor &) override final;
+    virtual Value* accept(ASTVisitor &) override final;
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<ASTVarDeclaration>> local_declarations;
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<ASTStatement>> statement_list;
 };
 
 struct ASTExpressionStmt : ASTStatement {
-    virtual void accept(ASTVisitor &) override final;
+    virtual Value* accept(ASTVisitor &) override final;
     std::shared_ptr<ASTExpression> expression;
 };
 
 struct ASTSelectionStmt : ASTStatement {
-    virtual void accept(ASTVisitor &) override final;
+    virtual Value* accept(ASTVisitor &) override final;
     std::shared_ptr<ASTExpression> expression;
     std::shared_ptr<ASTStatement> if_statement;
     // should be nullptr if no else structure exists
@@ -155,13 +157,13 @@ struct ASTSelectionStmt : ASTStatement {
 };
 
 struct ASTIterationStmt : ASTStatement {
-    virtual void accept(ASTVisitor &) override final;
+    virtual Value* accept(ASTVisitor &) override final;
     std::shared_ptr<ASTExpression> expression;
     std::shared_ptr<ASTStatement> statement;
 };
 
 struct ASTReturnStmt : ASTStatement {
-    virtual void accept(ASTVisitor &) override final;
+    virtual Value* accept(ASTVisitor &) override final;
     // should be nullptr if return void
     std::shared_ptr<ASTExpression> expression;
 };
@@ -169,83 +171,83 @@ struct ASTReturnStmt : ASTStatement {
 struct ASTExpression : ASTFactor {};
 
 struct ASTAssignExpression : ASTExpression {
-    virtual void accept(ASTVisitor &) override final;
+    virtual Value* accept(ASTVisitor &) override final;
     std::shared_ptr<ASTVar> var;
     std::shared_ptr<ASTExpression> expression;
 };
 
 struct ASTSimpleExpression : ASTExpression {
-    virtual void accept(ASTVisitor &) override final;
+    virtual Value* accept(ASTVisitor &) override final;
     std::shared_ptr<ASTAdditiveExpression> additive_expression_l;
     std::shared_ptr<ASTAdditiveExpression> additive_expression_r;
     RelOp op;
 };
 
 struct ASTVar : ASTFactor {
-    virtual void accept(ASTVisitor &) override final;
+    virtual Value* accept(ASTVisitor &) override final;
     std::string id;
     // nullptr if var is of int type
     std::shared_ptr<ASTExpression> expression;
 };
 
 struct ASTAdditiveExpression : ASTNode {
-    virtual void accept(ASTVisitor &) override final;
+    virtual Value* accept(ASTVisitor &) override final;
     std::shared_ptr<ASTAdditiveExpression> additive_expression;
     AddOp op;
     std::shared_ptr<ASTTerm> term;
 };
 
 struct ASTTerm : ASTNode {
-    virtual void accept(ASTVisitor &) override final;
+    virtual Value* accept(ASTVisitor &) override final;
     std::shared_ptr<ASTTerm> term;
     MulOp op;
     std::shared_ptr<ASTFactor> factor;
 };
 
 struct ASTCall : ASTFactor {
-    virtual void accept(ASTVisitor &) override final;
+    virtual Value* accept(ASTVisitor &) override final;
     std::string id;
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<ASTExpression>> args;
 };
 
 class ASTVisitor {
   public:
-    virtual void visit(ASTProgram &) = 0;
-    virtual void visit(ASTNum &) = 0;
-    virtual void visit(ASTVarDeclaration &) = 0;
-    virtual void visit(ASTFunDeclaration &) = 0;
-    virtual void visit(ASTParam &) = 0;
-    virtual void visit(ASTCompoundStmt &) = 0;
-    virtual void visit(ASTExpressionStmt &) = 0;
-    virtual void visit(ASTSelectionStmt &) = 0;
-    virtual void visit(ASTIterationStmt &) = 0;
-    virtual void visit(ASTReturnStmt &) = 0;
-    virtual void visit(ASTAssignExpression &) = 0;
-    virtual void visit(ASTSimpleExpression &) = 0;
-    virtual void visit(ASTAdditiveExpression &) = 0;
-    virtual void visit(ASTVar &) = 0;
-    virtual void visit(ASTTerm &) = 0;
-    virtual void visit(ASTCall &) = 0;
+    virtual Value* visit(ASTProgram &) = 0;
+    virtual Value* visit(ASTNum &) = 0;
+    virtual Value* visit(ASTVarDeclaration &) = 0;
+    virtual Value* visit(ASTFunDeclaration &) = 0;
+    virtual Value* visit(ASTParam &) = 0;
+    virtual Value* visit(ASTCompoundStmt &) = 0;
+    virtual Value* visit(ASTExpressionStmt &) = 0;
+    virtual Value* visit(ASTSelectionStmt &) = 0;
+    virtual Value* visit(ASTIterationStmt &) = 0;
+    virtual Value* visit(ASTReturnStmt &) = 0;
+    virtual Value* visit(ASTAssignExpression &) = 0;
+    virtual Value* visit(ASTSimpleExpression &) = 0;
+    virtual Value* visit(ASTAdditiveExpression &) = 0;
+    virtual Value* visit(ASTVar &) = 0;
+    virtual Value* visit(ASTTerm &) = 0;
+    virtual Value* visit(ASTCall &) = 0;
 };
 
 class ASTPrinter : public ASTVisitor {
   public:
-    virtual void visit(ASTProgram &) override final;
-    virtual void visit(ASTNum &) override final;
-    virtual void visit(ASTVarDeclaration &) override final;
-    virtual void visit(ASTFunDeclaration &) override final;
-    virtual void visit(ASTParam &) override final;
-    virtual void visit(ASTCompoundStmt &) override final;
-    virtual void visit(ASTExpressionStmt &) override final;
-    virtual void visit(ASTSelectionStmt &) override final;
-    virtual void visit(ASTIterationStmt &) override final;
-    virtual void visit(ASTReturnStmt &) override final;
-    virtual void visit(ASTAssignExpression &) override final;
-    virtual void visit(ASTSimpleExpression &) override final;
-    virtual void visit(ASTAdditiveExpression &) override final;
-    virtual void visit(ASTVar &) override final;
-    virtual void visit(ASTTerm &) override final;
-    virtual void visit(ASTCall &) override final;
+    virtual Value* visit(ASTProgram &) override final;
+    virtual Value* visit(ASTNum &) override final;
+    virtual Value* visit(ASTVarDeclaration &) override final;
+    virtual Value* visit(ASTFunDeclaration &) override final;
+    virtual Value* visit(ASTParam &) override final;
+    virtual Value* visit(ASTCompoundStmt &) override final;
+    virtual Value* visit(ASTExpressionStmt &) override final;
+    virtual Value* visit(ASTSelectionStmt &) override final;
+    virtual Value* visit(ASTIterationStmt &) override final;
+    virtual Value* visit(ASTReturnStmt &) override final;
+    virtual Value* visit(ASTAssignExpression &) override final;
+    virtual Value* visit(ASTSimpleExpression &) override final;
+    virtual Value* visit(ASTAdditiveExpression &) override final;
+    virtual Value* visit(ASTVar &) override final;
+    virtual Value* visit(ASTTerm &) override final;
+    virtual Value* visit(ASTCall &) override final;
     void add_depth() { depth += 2; }
     void remove_depth() { depth -= 2; }
 

include/common/logging.hpp

 #ifndef LOGGING_HPP
 #define LOGGING_HPP
 
+#include <cstdlib>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <sstream>
-#include <cstdlib>
 
-enum LogLevel
-{
-    DEBUG = 0,
-    INFO,
-    WARNING,
-    ERROR
-};
-struct LocationInfo
-{
-    LocationInfo(std::string file, int line, const char *func) : file_(file), line_(line), func_(func) {}
+enum LogLevel { DEBUG = 0, INFO, WARNING, ERROR };
+struct LocationInfo {
+    LocationInfo(std::string file, int line, const char *func)
+        : file_(file), line_(line), func_(func) {}
     ~LocationInfo() = default;
 
     std::string file_;
@@ -24,46 +18,38 @@ struct LocationInfo
 class LogStream;
 class LogWriter;
 
-class LogWriter
-{
-public:
+class LogWriter {
+  public:
     LogWriter(LocationInfo location, LogLevel loglevel)
-        : location_(location), log_level_(loglevel)
-    {
+        : location_(location), log_level_(loglevel) {
         char *logv = std::getenv("LOGV");
-        if (logv)
-        {
+        if (logv) {
             std::string string_logv = logv;
             env_log_level = std::stoi(logv);
-        }
-        else
-        {
+        } else {
             env_log_level = 4;
         }
     };
 
     void operator<(const LogStream &stream);
 
-private:
+  private:
     void output_log(const std::ostringstream &g);
     LocationInfo location_;
     LogLevel log_level_;
     int env_log_level;
 };
 
-class LogStream
-{
-public:
-    template <typename T>
-    LogStream &operator<<(const T &val) noexcept
-    {
+class LogStream {
+  public:
+    template <typename T> LogStream &operator<<(const T &val) noexcept {
         sstream_ << val;
         return *this;
     }
 
     friend class LogWriter;
 
-private:
+  private:
     std::stringstream sstream_{};
 };
 
@@ -72,7 +58,8 @@ std::string get_short_name(const char *file_path);
 
 #define __FILESHORTNAME__ get_short_name(__FILE__)
 #define LOG_IF(level)                                                          \
-    LogWriter(LocationInfo(__FILESHORTNAME__, __LINE__, __FUNCTION__), level) < LogStream()
+    LogWriter(LocationInfo(__FILESHORTNAME__, __LINE__, __FUNCTION__),         \
+              level) < LogStream()
 #define LOG(level) LOG_##level
 #define LOG_DEBUG LOG_IF(DEBUG)
 #define LOG_INFO LOG_IF(INFO)

include/common/syntax_tree.h

@@ -6,26 +6,26 @@
 #define SYNTAX_TREE_NODE_NAME_MAX 30
 
 struct _syntax_tree_node {
-	struct _syntax_tree_node * parent;
-	struct _syntax_tree_node * children[10];
+    struct _syntax_tree_node *parent;
+    struct _syntax_tree_node *children[10];
     int children_num;
 
     char name[SYNTAX_TREE_NODE_NAME_MAX];
 };
 typedef struct _syntax_tree_node syntax_tree_node;
 
-syntax_tree_node * new_anon_syntax_tree_node();
-syntax_tree_node * new_syntax_tree_node(const char * name);
-int syntax_tree_add_child(syntax_tree_node * parent, syntax_tree_node * child);
-void del_syntax_tree_node(syntax_tree_node * node, int recursive);
+syntax_tree_node *new_anon_syntax_tree_node();
+syntax_tree_node *new_syntax_tree_node(const char *name);
+int syntax_tree_add_child(syntax_tree_node *parent, syntax_tree_node *child);
+void del_syntax_tree_node(syntax_tree_node *node, int recursive);
 
 struct _syntax_tree {
-	syntax_tree_node * root;
+    syntax_tree_node *root;
 };
 typedef struct _syntax_tree syntax_tree;
 
-syntax_tree* new_syntax_tree();
-void del_syntax_tree(syntax_tree * tree);
-void print_syntax_tree(FILE * fout, syntax_tree * tree);
+syntax_tree *new_syntax_tree();
+void del_syntax_tree(syntax_tree *tree);
+void print_syntax_tree(FILE *fout, syntax_tree *tree);
 
 #endif /* SyntaxTree.h */

include/lightir/BasicBlock.hpp

+#pragma once
+
+#include "Instruction.hpp"
+#include "Value.hpp"
+
+#include <list>
+#include <llvm/ADT/ilist.h>
+#include <llvm/ADT/ilist_node.h>
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
+
+class Function;
+class Instruction;
+class Module;
+
+class BasicBlock : public Value, public llvm::ilist_node<BasicBlock> {
+  public:
+    ~BasicBlock() = default;
+    static BasicBlock *create(Module *m, const std::string &name,
+                              Function *parent) {
+        auto prefix = name.empty() ? "" : "label_";
+        return new BasicBlock(m, prefix + name, parent);
+    }
+
+    /****************api about cfg****************/
+    std::list<BasicBlock *> &get_pre_basic_blocks() { return pre_bbs_; }
+    std::list<BasicBlock *> &get_succ_basic_blocks() { return succ_bbs_; }
+
+    void add_pre_basic_block(BasicBlock *bb) { pre_bbs_.push_back(bb); }
+    void add_succ_basic_block(BasicBlock *bb) { succ_bbs_.push_back(bb); }
+    void remove_pre_basic_block(BasicBlock *bb) { pre_bbs_.remove(bb); }
+    void remove_succ_basic_block(BasicBlock *bb) { succ_bbs_.remove(bb); }
+
+    // If the Block is terminated by ret/br
+    bool is_terminated() const;
+    // Get terminator, only accept valid case use
+    Instruction *get_terminator();
+
+    /****************api about Instruction****************/
+    void add_instruction(Instruction *instr);
+    void add_instr_begin(Instruction *instr) { instr_list_.push_front(instr); }
+    void erase_instr(Instruction *instr) { instr_list_.erase(instr); }
+    void remove_instr(Instruction *instr) { instr_list_.remove(instr); }
+
+    llvm::ilist<Instruction> &get_instructions() { return instr_list_; }
+    bool empty() const { return instr_list_.empty(); }
+    int get_num_of_instr() const { return instr_list_.size(); }
+
+    /****************api about accessing parent****************/
+    Function *get_parent() { return parent_; }
+    Module *get_module();
+    void erase_from_parent();
+
+    virtual std::string print() override;
+
+  private:
+    BasicBlock(const BasicBlock &) = delete;
+    explicit BasicBlock(Module *m, const std::string &name, Function *parent);
+
+    std::list<BasicBlock *> pre_bbs_;
+    std::list<BasicBlock *> succ_bbs_;
+    llvm::ilist<Instruction> instr_list_;
+    Function *parent_;
+};

include/lightir/Constant.hpp

+#pragma once
+
+#include "Type.hpp"
+#include "User.hpp"
+#include "Value.hpp"
+
+class Constant : public User {
+  private:
+    // int value;
+  public:
+    Constant(Type *ty, const std::string &name = "") : User(ty, name) {}
+    ~Constant() = default;
+};
+
+class ConstantInt : public Constant {
+  private:
+    int value_;
+    ConstantInt(Type *ty, int val) : Constant(ty, ""), value_(val) {}
+
+  public:
+    int get_value() { return value_; }
+    static ConstantInt *get(int val, Module *m);
+    static ConstantInt *get(bool val, Module *m);
+    virtual std::string print() override;
+};
+
+class ConstantArray : public Constant {
+  private:
+    std::vector<Constant *> const_array;
+
+    ConstantArray(ArrayType *ty, const std::vector<Constant *> &val);
+
+  public:
+    ~ConstantArray() = default;
+
+    Constant *get_element_value(int index);
+
+    unsigned get_size_of_array() { return const_array.size(); }
+
+    static ConstantArray *get(ArrayType *ty,
+                              const std::vector<Constant *> &val);
+
+    virtual std::string print() override;
+};
+
+class ConstantZero : public Constant {
+  private:
+    ConstantZero(Type *ty) : Constant(ty, "") {}
+
+  public:
+    static ConstantZero *get(Type *ty, Module *m);
+    virtual std::string print() override;
+};
+
+class ConstantFP : public Constant {
+  private:
+    float val_;
+    ConstantFP(Type *ty, float val) : Constant(ty, ""), val_(val) {}
+
+  public:
+    static ConstantFP *get(float val, Module *m);
+    float get_value() { return val_; }
+    virtual std::string print() override;
+};

include/lightir/Function.hpp

+#pragma once
+
+#include "BasicBlock.hpp"
+#include "Type.hpp"
+#include "User.hpp"
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <list>
+#include <llvm/ADT/ilist.h>
+#include <llvm/ADT/ilist_node.h>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+
+class Module;
+class Argument;
+class Type;
+class FunctionType;
+
+class Function : public Value, public llvm::ilist_node<Function> {
+  public:
+    Function(const Function &) = delete;
+    Function(FunctionType *ty, const std::string &name, Module *parent);
+    ~Function() = default;
+    static Function *create(FunctionType *ty, const std::string &name,
+                            Module *parent);
+
+    FunctionType *get_function_type() const;
+    Type *get_return_type() const;
+
+    void add_basic_block(BasicBlock *bb);
+
+    unsigned get_num_of_args() const;
+    unsigned get_num_basic_blocks() const;
+
+    Module *get_parent() const;
+
+    void remove(BasicBlock *bb);
+    BasicBlock *get_entry_block() { return &*basic_blocks_.begin(); }
+
+    llvm::ilist<BasicBlock> &get_basic_blocks() { return basic_blocks_; }
+    std::list<Argument> &get_args() { return arguments_; }
+
+    bool is_declaration() { return basic_blocks_.empty(); }
+
+    void set_instr_name();
+    std::string print();
+
+  private:
+    llvm::ilist<BasicBlock> basic_blocks_;
+    std::list<Argument> arguments_;
+    Module *parent_;
+    unsigned seq_cnt_; // print use
+};
+
+// Argument of Function, does not contain actual value
+class Argument : public Value {
+  public:
+    Argument(const Argument &) = delete;
+    explicit Argument(Type *ty, const std::string &name = "",
+                      Function *f = nullptr, unsigned arg_no = 0)
+        : Value(ty, name), parent_(f), arg_no_(arg_no) {}
+    virtual ~Argument() {}
+
+    inline const Function *get_parent() const { return parent_; }
+    inline Function *get_parent() { return parent_; }
+
+    /// For example in "void foo(int a, float b)" a is 0 and b is 1.
+    unsigned get_arg_no() const {
+        assert(parent_ && "can't get number of unparented arg");
+        return arg_no_;
+    }
+
+    virtual std::string print() override;
+
+  private:
+    Function *parent_;
+    unsigned arg_no_; // argument No.
+};

include/lightir/GlobalVariable.hpp

+#pragma once
+
+#include "Constant.hpp"
+#include "User.hpp"
+
+#include <llvm/ADT/ilist_node.h>
+class Module;
+class GlobalVariable : public User, public llvm::ilist_node<GlobalVariable> {
+  private:
+    bool is_const_;
+    Constant *init_val_;
+    GlobalVariable(std::string name, Module *m, Type *ty, bool is_const,
+                   Constant *init = nullptr);
+
+  public:
+    GlobalVariable(const GlobalVariable &) = delete;
+    static GlobalVariable *create(std::string name, Module *m, Type *ty,
+                                  bool is_const, Constant *init);
+    virtual ~GlobalVariable() = default;
+    Constant *get_init() { return init_val_; }
+    bool is_const() { return is_const_; }
+    std::string print();
+};

include/lightir/IRBuilder.hpp

+#pragma once
+
+#include "BasicBlock.hpp"
+#include "Function.hpp"
+#include "Instruction.hpp"
+#include "Value.hpp"
+
+class IRBuilder {
+  private:
+    BasicBlock *BB_;
+    Module *m_;
+
+  public:
+    IRBuilder(BasicBlock *bb, Module *m) : BB_(bb), m_(m){};
+    ~IRBuilder() = default;
+    Module *get_module() { return m_; }
+    BasicBlock *get_insert_block() { return this->BB_; }
+    void set_insert_point(BasicBlock *bb) {
+        this->BB_ = bb;
+    } // 在某个基本块中插入指令
+    IBinaryInst *create_iadd(Value *lhs, Value *rhs) {
+        return IBinaryInst::create_add(lhs, rhs, this->BB_);
+    } // 创建加法指令（以及其他算术指令）
+    IBinaryInst *create_isub(Value *lhs, Value *rhs) {
+        return IBinaryInst::create_sub(lhs, rhs, this->BB_);
+    }
+    IBinaryInst *create_imul(Value *lhs, Value *rhs) {
+        return IBinaryInst::create_mul(lhs, rhs, this->BB_);
+    }
+    IBinaryInst *create_isdiv(Value *lhs, Value *rhs) {
+        return IBinaryInst::create_sdiv(lhs, rhs, this->BB_);
+    }
+
+    ICmpInst *create_icmp_eq(Value *lhs, Value *rhs) {
+        return ICmpInst::create_eq(lhs, rhs, this->BB_);
+    }
+    ICmpInst *create_icmp_ne(Value *lhs, Value *rhs) {
+        return ICmpInst::create_ne(lhs, rhs, this->BB_);
+    }
+    ICmpInst *create_icmp_gt(Value *lhs, Value *rhs) {
+        return ICmpInst::create_gt(lhs, rhs, this->BB_);
+    }
+    ICmpInst *create_icmp_ge(Value *lhs, Value *rhs) {
+        return ICmpInst::create_ge(lhs, rhs, this->BB_);
+    }
+    ICmpInst *create_icmp_lt(Value *lhs, Value *rhs) {
+        return ICmpInst::create_lt(lhs, rhs, this->BB_);
+    }
+    ICmpInst *create_icmp_le(Value *lhs, Value *rhs) {
+        return ICmpInst::create_le(lhs, rhs, this->BB_);
+    }
+
+    CallInst *create_call(Value *func, std::vector<Value *> args) {
+        return CallInst::create_call(static_cast<Function *>(func), args,
+                                     this->BB_);
+    }
+
+    BranchInst *create_br(BasicBlock *if_true) {
+        return BranchInst::create_br(if_true, this->BB_);
+    }
+    BranchInst *create_cond_br(Value *cond, BasicBlock *if_true,
+                               BasicBlock *if_false) {
+        return BranchInst::create_cond_br(cond, if_true, if_false, this->BB_);
+    }
+
+    ReturnInst *create_ret(Value *val) {
+        return ReturnInst::create_ret(val, this->BB_);
+    }
+    ReturnInst *create_void_ret() {
+        return ReturnInst::create_void_ret(this->BB_);
+    }
+
+    GetElementPtrInst *create_gep(Value *ptr, std::vector<Value *> idxs) {
+        return GetElementPtrInst::create_gep(ptr, idxs, this->BB_);
+    }
+
+    StoreInst *create_store(Value *val, Value *ptr) {
+        return StoreInst::create_store(val, ptr, this->BB_);
+    }
+    LoadInst *create_load(Value *ptr) {
+        assert(ptr->get_type()->is_pointer_type() &&
+               "ptr must be pointer type");
+        return LoadInst::create_load(ptr, this->BB_);
+    }
+
+    AllocaInst *create_alloca(Type *ty) {
+        return AllocaInst::create_alloca(ty, this->BB_);
+    }
+    ZextInst *create_zext(Value *val, Type *ty) {
+        return ZextInst::create_zext(val, ty, this->BB_);
+    }
+
+    SiToFpInst *create_sitofp(Value *val, Type *ty) {
+        return SiToFpInst::create_sitofp(val, this->BB_);
+    }
+    FpToSiInst *create_fptosi(Value *val, Type *ty) {
+        return FpToSiInst::create_fptosi(val, ty, this->BB_);
+    }
+
+    FCmpInst *create_fcmp_ne(Value *lhs, Value *rhs) {
+        return FCmpInst::create_fne(lhs, rhs, this->BB_);
+    }
+    FCmpInst *create_fcmp_lt(Value *lhs, Value *rhs) {
+        return FCmpInst::create_flt(lhs, rhs, this->BB_);
+    }
+    FCmpInst *create_fcmp_le(Value *lhs, Value *rhs) {
+        return FCmpInst::create_fle(lhs, rhs, this->BB_);
+    }
+    FCmpInst *create_fcmp_ge(Value *lhs, Value *rhs) {
+        return FCmpInst::create_fge(lhs, rhs, this->BB_);
+    }
+    FCmpInst *create_fcmp_gt(Value *lhs, Value *rhs) {
+        return FCmpInst::create_fgt(lhs, rhs, this->BB_);
+    }
+    FCmpInst *create_fcmp_eq(Value *lhs, Value *rhs) {
+        return FCmpInst::create_feq(lhs, rhs, this->BB_);
+    }
+
+    FBinaryInst *create_fadd(Value *lhs, Value *rhs) {
+        return FBinaryInst::create_fadd(lhs, rhs, this->BB_);
+    }
+    FBinaryInst *create_fsub(Value *lhs, Value *rhs) {
+        return FBinaryInst::create_fsub(lhs, rhs, this->BB_);
+    }
+    FBinaryInst *create_fmul(Value *lhs, Value *rhs) {
+        return FBinaryInst::create_fmul(lhs, rhs, this->BB_);
+    }
+    FBinaryInst *create_fdiv(Value *lhs, Value *rhs) {
+        return FBinaryInst::create_fdiv(lhs, rhs, this->BB_);
+    }
+};

include/lightir/IRprinter.hpp

+#pragma once
+
+#include "BasicBlock.hpp"
+#include "Constant.hpp"
+#include "Function.hpp"
+#include "GlobalVariable.hpp"
+#include "Instruction.hpp"
+#include "Module.hpp"
+#include "Type.hpp"
+#include "User.hpp"
+#include "Value.hpp"
+
+std::string print_as_op(Value *v, bool print_ty);
+std::string print_instr_op_name(Instruction::OpID);

include/lightir/Instruction.hpp

+#pragma once
+
+#include "Type.hpp"
+#include "User.hpp"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <llvm/ADT/ilist_node.h>
+
+class BasicBlock;
+class Function;
+
+class Instruction : public User, public llvm::ilist_node<Instruction> {
+  public:
+    enum OpID : uint32_t {
+        // Terminator Instructions
+        ret,
+        br,
+        // Standard binary operators
+        add,
+        sub,
+        mul,
+        sdiv,
+        // float binary operators
+        fadd,
+        fsub,
+        fmul,
+        fdiv,
+        // Memory operators
+        alloca,
+        load,
+        store,
+        // Int compare operators
+        ge,
+        gt,
+        le,
+        lt,
+        eq,
+        ne,
+        // Float compare operators
+        fge,
+        fgt,
+        fle,
+        flt,
+        feq,
+        fne,
+        // Other operators
+        phi,
+        call,
+        getelementptr,
+        zext, // zero extend
+        fptosi,
+        sitofp
+        // float binary operators Logical operators
+
+    };
+    /* @parent: if parent!=nullptr, auto insert to bb
+     * @ty: result type */
+    Instruction(Type *ty, OpID id, BasicBlock *parent = nullptr);
+    Instruction(const Instruction &) = delete;
+    virtual ~Instruction() = default;
+
+    BasicBlock *get_parent() { return parent_; }
+    const BasicBlock *get_parent() const { return parent_; }
+    void set_parent(BasicBlock *parent) { this->parent_ = parent; }
+
+    // Return the function this instruction belongs to.
+    Function *get_function();
+    Module *get_module();
+
+    OpID get_instr_type() const { return op_id_; }
+    std::string get_instr_op_name() const;
+
+    bool is_void() {
+        return ((op_id_ == ret) || (op_id_ == br) || (op_id_ == store) ||
+                (op_id_ == call && this->get_type()->is_void_type()));
+    }
+
+    bool is_phi() const { return op_id_ == phi; }
+    bool is_store() const { return op_id_ == store; }
+    bool is_alloca() const { return op_id_ == alloca; }
+    bool is_ret() const { return op_id_ == ret; }
+    bool is_load() const { return op_id_ == load; }
+    bool is_br() const { return op_id_ == br; }
+
+    bool is_add() const { return op_id_ == add; }
+    bool is_sub() const { return op_id_ == sub; }
+    bool is_mul() const { return op_id_ == mul; }
+    bool is_div() const { return op_id_ == sdiv; }
+
+    bool is_fadd() const { return op_id_ == fadd; }
+    bool is_fsub() const { return op_id_ == fsub; }
+    bool is_fmul() const { return op_id_ == fmul; }
+    bool is_fdiv() const { return op_id_ == fdiv; }
+    bool is_fp2si() const { return op_id_ == fptosi; }
+    bool is_si2fp() const { return op_id_ == sitofp; }
+
+    bool is_cmp() const { return ge <= op_id_ and op_id_ <= ne; }
+    bool is_fcmp() const { return fge <= op_id_ and op_id_ <= fne; }
+
+    bool is_call() const { return op_id_ == call; }
+    bool is_gep() const { return op_id_ == getelementptr; }
+    bool is_zext() const { return op_id_ == zext; }
+
+    bool isBinary() const {
+        return (is_add() || is_sub() || is_mul() || is_div() || is_fadd() ||
+                is_fsub() || is_fmul() || is_fdiv()) &&
+               (get_num_operand() == 2);
+    }
+
+    bool isTerminator() const { return is_br() || is_ret(); }
+
+  private:
+    OpID op_id_;
+    BasicBlock *parent_;
+};
+
+template <typename Inst> class BaseInst : public Instruction {
+  protected:
+    template <typename... Args> static Inst *create(Args &&...args) {
+        return new Inst(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    template <typename... Args>
+    BaseInst(Args &&...args) : Instruction(std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
+};
+
+class IBinaryInst : public BaseInst<IBinaryInst> {
+    friend BaseInst<IBinaryInst>;
+
+  private:
+    IBinaryInst(OpID id, Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb);
+
+  public:
+    static IBinaryInst *create_add(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb);
+    static IBinaryInst *create_sub(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb);
+    static IBinaryInst *create_mul(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb);
+    static IBinaryInst *create_sdiv(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb);
+
+    virtual std::string print() override;
+};
+
+class FBinaryInst : public BaseInst<FBinaryInst> {
+    friend BaseInst<FBinaryInst>;
+
+  private:
+    FBinaryInst(OpID id, Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb);
+
+  public:
+    static FBinaryInst *create_fadd(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb);
+    static FBinaryInst *create_fsub(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb);
+    static FBinaryInst *create_fmul(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb);
+    static FBinaryInst *create_fdiv(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb);
+
+    virtual std::string print() override;
+};
+
+class ICmpInst : public BaseInst<ICmpInst> {
+    friend BaseInst<ICmpInst>;
+
+  private:
+    ICmpInst(OpID id, Value *lhs, Value *rhs, BasicBlock *bb);
+
+  public:
+    static ICmpInst *create_ge(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb);
+    static ICmpInst *create_gt(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb);
+    static ICmpInst *create_le(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb);
+    static ICmpInst *create_lt(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb);
+    static ICmpInst *create_eq(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb);
+    static ICmpInst *create_ne(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb);
+
+    virtual std::string print() override;
+};
+
+class FCmpInst : public BaseInst<FCmpInst> {
+    friend BaseInst<FCmpInst>;
+
+  private:
+    FCmpInst(OpID id, Value *lhs, Value *rhs, BasicBlock *bb);
+
+  public:
+    static FCmpInst *create_fge(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb);
+    static FCmpInst *create_fgt(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb);
+    static FCmpInst *create_fle(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb);
+    static FCmpInst *create_flt(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb);
+    static FCmpInst *create_feq(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb);
+    static FCmpInst *create_fne(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb);
+
+    virtual std::string print() override;
+};
+
+class CallInst : public BaseInst<CallInst> {
+    friend BaseInst<CallInst>;
+
+  protected:
+    CallInst(Function *func, std::vector<Value *> args, BasicBlock *bb);
+
+  public:
+    static CallInst *create_call(Function *func, std::vector<Value *> args,
+                                 BasicBlock *bb);
+    FunctionType *get_function_type() const;
+
+    virtual std::string print() override;
+};
+
+class BranchInst : public BaseInst<BranchInst> {
+    friend BaseInst<BranchInst>;
+
+  private:
+    BranchInst(Value *cond, BasicBlock *if_true, BasicBlock *if_false,
+               BasicBlock *bb);
+    ~BranchInst();
+
+  public:
+    static BranchInst *create_cond_br(Value *cond, BasicBlock *if_true,
+                                      BasicBlock *if_false, BasicBlock *bb);
+    static BranchInst *create_br(BasicBlock *if_true, BasicBlock *bb);
+
+    bool is_cond_br() const { return get_num_operand() == 3; }
+
+    Value *get_condition() const { return get_operand(0); }
+
+    virtual std::string print() override;
+};
+
+class ReturnInst : public BaseInst<ReturnInst> {
+    friend BaseInst<ReturnInst>;
+
+  private:
+    ReturnInst(Value *val, BasicBlock *bb);
+
+  public:
+    static ReturnInst *create_ret(Value *val, BasicBlock *bb);
+    static ReturnInst *create_void_ret(BasicBlock *bb);
+    bool is_void_ret() const;
+
+    virtual std::string print() override;
+};
+
+class GetElementPtrInst : public BaseInst<GetElementPtrInst> {
+    friend BaseInst<GetElementPtrInst>;
+
+  private:
+    GetElementPtrInst(Value *ptr, std::vector<Value *> idxs, BasicBlock *bb);
+
+  public:
+    static Type *get_element_type(Value *ptr, std::vector<Value *> idxs);
+    static GetElementPtrInst *create_gep(Value *ptr, std::vector<Value *> idxs,
+                                         BasicBlock *bb);
+    Type *get_element_type() const;
+
+    virtual std::string print() override;
+};
+
+class StoreInst : public BaseInst<StoreInst> {
+    friend BaseInst<StoreInst>;
+
+  private:
+    StoreInst(Value *val, Value *ptr, BasicBlock *bb);
+
+  public:
+    static StoreInst *create_store(Value *val, Value *ptr, BasicBlock *bb);
+
+    Value *get_rval() { return this->get_operand(0); }
+    Value *get_lval() { return this->get_operand(1); }
+
+    virtual std::string print() override;
+};
+
+class LoadInst : public BaseInst<LoadInst> {
+    friend BaseInst<LoadInst>;
+
+  private:
+    LoadInst(Value *ptr, BasicBlock *bb);
+
+  public:
+    static LoadInst *create_load(Value *ptr, BasicBlock *bb);
+
+    Value *get_lval() const { return this->get_operand(0); }
+    Type *get_load_type() const { return get_type(); };
+
+    virtual std::string print() override;
+};
+
+class AllocaInst : public BaseInst<AllocaInst> {
+    friend BaseInst<AllocaInst>;
+
+  private:
+    AllocaInst(Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb);
+
+  public:
+    static AllocaInst *create_alloca(Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb);
+
+    Type *get_alloca_type() const {
+        return get_type()->get_pointer_element_type();
+    };
+
+    virtual std::string print() override;
+};
+
+class ZextInst : public BaseInst<ZextInst> {
+    friend BaseInst<ZextInst>;
+
+  private:
+    ZextInst(Value *val, Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb);
+
+  public:
+    static ZextInst *create_zext(Value *val, Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb);
+    static ZextInst *create_zext_to_i32(Value *val, BasicBlock *bb);
+
+    Type *get_dest_type() const { return get_type(); };
+
+    virtual std::string print() override;
+};
+
+class FpToSiInst : public BaseInst<FpToSiInst> {
+    friend BaseInst<FpToSiInst>;
+
+  private:
+    FpToSiInst(Value *val, Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb);
+
+  public:
+    static FpToSiInst *create_fptosi(Value *val, Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb);
+    static FpToSiInst *create_fptosi_to_i32(Value *val, BasicBlock *bb);
+
+    Type *get_dest_type() const { return get_type(); };
+
+    virtual std::string print() override;
+};
+
+class SiToFpInst : public BaseInst<SiToFpInst> {
+    friend BaseInst<SiToFpInst>;
+
+  private:
+    SiToFpInst(Value *val, Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb);
+
+  public:
+    static SiToFpInst *create_sitofp(Value *val, BasicBlock *bb);
+
+    Type *get_dest_type() const { return get_type(); };
+
+    virtual std::string print() override;
+};
+
+class PhiInst : public BaseInst<PhiInst> {
+    friend BaseInst<PhiInst>;
+
+  private:
+    PhiInst(Type *ty, std::vector<Value *> vals,
+            std::vector<BasicBlock *> val_bbs, BasicBlock *bb);
+
+  public:
+    static PhiInst *create_phi(Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb,
+                               std::vector<Value *> vals = {},
+                               std::vector<BasicBlock *> val_bbs = {});
+
+    void add_phi_pair_operand(Value *val, Value *pre_bb) {
+        this->add_operand(val);
+        this->add_operand(pre_bb);
+    }
+    std::vector<std::pair<Value *, BasicBlock *>> get_phi_pairs() {
+        std::vector<std::pair<Value *, BasicBlock *>> res;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < get_num_operand(); i += 2) {
+            res.push_back({this->get_operand(i),
+                           this->get_operand(i + 1)->as<BasicBlock>()});
+        }
+        return res;
+    }
+    virtual std::string print() override;
+};

include/lightir/Module.hpp

+#pragma once
+
+#include "Function.hpp"
+#include "GlobalVariable.hpp"
+#include "Instruction.hpp"
+#include "Type.hpp"
+#include "Value.hpp"
+
+#include <list>
+#include <llvm/ADT/ilist.h>
+#include <llvm/ADT/ilist_node.h>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+class GlobalVariable;
+class Function;
+class Module {
+  public:
+    Module();
+    ~Module() = default;
+
+    Type *get_void_type();
+    Type *get_label_type();
+    IntegerType *get_int1_type();
+    IntegerType *get_int32_type();
+    PointerType *get_int32_ptr_type();
+    FloatType *get_float_type();
+    PointerType *get_float_ptr_type();
+
+    PointerType *get_pointer_type(Type *contained);
+    ArrayType *get_array_type(Type *contained, unsigned num_elements);
+    FunctionType *get_function_type(Type *retty, std::vector<Type *> &args);
+
+    void add_function(Function *f);
+    llvm::ilist<Function> &get_functions();
+    void add_global_variable(GlobalVariable *g);
+    llvm::ilist<GlobalVariable> &get_global_variable();
+
+    void set_print_name();
+    std::string print();
+
+  private:
+    // The global variables in the module
+    llvm::ilist<GlobalVariable> global_list_;
+    // The functions in the module
+    llvm::ilist<Function> function_list_;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<IntegerType> int1_ty_;
+    std::unique_ptr<IntegerType> int32_ty_;
+    std::unique_ptr<Type> label_ty_;
+    std::unique_ptr<Type> void_ty_;
+    std::unique_ptr<FloatType> float32_ty_;
+    std::map<Type *, std::unique_ptr<PointerType>> pointer_map_;
+    std::map<std::pair<Type *, int>, std::unique_ptr<ArrayType>> array_map_;
+    std::map<std::pair<Type *, std::vector<Type *>>,
+             std::unique_ptr<FunctionType>>
+        function_map_;
+};

include/lightir/Type.hpp

+#pragma once
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <vector>
+
+class Module;
+class IntegerType;
+class FunctionType;
+class ArrayType;
+class PointerType;
+class FloatType;
+
+class Type {
+  public:
+    enum TypeID {
+        VoidTyID,     // Void
+        LabelTyID,    // Labels, e.g., BasicBlock
+        IntegerTyID,  // Integers, include 32 bits and 1 bit
+        FunctionTyID, // Functions
+        ArrayTyID,    // Arrays
+        PointerTyID,  // Pointer
+        FloatTyID     // float
+    };
+
+    explicit Type(TypeID tid, Module *m);
+    ~Type() = default;
+
+    TypeID get_type_id() const { return tid_; }
+
+    bool is_void_type() const { return get_type_id() == VoidTyID; }
+    bool is_label_type() const { return get_type_id() == LabelTyID; }
+    bool is_integer_type() const { return get_type_id() == IntegerTyID; }
+    bool is_function_type() const { return get_type_id() == FunctionTyID; }
+    bool is_array_type() const { return get_type_id() == ArrayTyID; }
+    bool is_pointer_type() const { return get_type_id() == PointerTyID; }
+    bool is_float_type() const { return get_type_id() == FloatTyID; }
+    bool is_int32_type() const;
+    bool is_int1_type() const;
+
+    // Return related data member if is the required type, else throw error
+    Type *get_pointer_element_type() const;
+    Type *get_array_element_type() const;
+
+    Module *get_module() const { return m_; }
+    unsigned get_size() const;
+
+    std::string print() const;
+
+  private:
+    TypeID tid_;
+    Module *m_;
+};
+
+class IntegerType : public Type {
+  public:
+    explicit IntegerType(unsigned num_bits, Module *m);
+
+    unsigned get_num_bits() const;
+
+  private:
+    unsigned num_bits_;
+};
+
+class FunctionType : public Type {
+  public:
+    FunctionType(Type *result, std::vector<Type *> params);
+
+    static bool is_valid_return_type(Type *ty);
+    static bool is_valid_argument_type(Type *ty);
+
+    static FunctionType *get(Type *result, std::vector<Type *> params);
+
+    unsigned get_num_of_args() const;
+
+    Type *get_param_type(unsigned i) const;
+    std::vector<Type *>::iterator param_begin() { return args_.begin(); }
+    std::vector<Type *>::iterator param_end() { return args_.end(); }
+    Type *get_return_type() const;
+
+  private:
+    Type *result_;
+    std::vector<Type *> args_;
+};
+
+class ArrayType : public Type {
+  public:
+    ArrayType(Type *contained, unsigned num_elements);
+
+    static bool is_valid_element_type(Type *ty);
+
+    static ArrayType *get(Type *contained, unsigned num_elements);
+
+    Type *get_element_type() const { return contained_; }
+    unsigned get_num_of_elements() const { return num_elements_; }
+
+  private:
+    Type *contained_;       // The element type of the array.
+    unsigned num_elements_; // Number of elements in the array.
+};
+
+class PointerType : public Type {
+  public:
+    PointerType(Type *contained);
+    Type *get_element_type() const { return contained_; }
+
+    static PointerType *get(Type *contained);
+
+  private:
+    Type *contained_; // The element type of the ptr.
+};
+
+class FloatType : public Type {
+  public:
+    FloatType(Module *m);
+    static FloatType *get(Module *m);
+
+  private:
+};

include/lightir/User.hpp

+#pragma once
+
+#include "Value.hpp"
+
+#include <vector>
+
+class User : public Value {
+  public:
+    User(Type *ty, const std::string &name = "") : Value(ty, name){};
+    virtual ~User() { remove_all_operands(); }
+
+    const std::vector<Value *> &get_operands() const { return operands_; }
+    unsigned get_num_operand() const { return operands_.size(); }
+
+    // start from 0
+    Value *get_operand(unsigned i) const { return operands_.at(i); };
+    // start from 0
+    void set_operand(unsigned i, Value *v);
+    void add_operand(Value *v);
+
+    void remove_all_operands();
+    void remove_operand(unsigned i);
+
+  private:
+    std::vector<Value *> operands_; // operands of this value
+};
+
+/* For example: op = func(a, b)
+ *  for a: Use(op, 0)
+ *  for b: Use(op, 1)
+ */
+struct Use {
+    User *val_;       // used by whom
+    unsigned arg_no_; // the no. of operand
+
+    Use(User *val, unsigned no) : val_(val), arg_no_(no) {}
+
+    bool operator==(const Use &other) const {
+        return val_ == other.val_ and arg_no_ == other.arg_no_;
+    }
+};

include/lightir/Value.hpp

+#pragma once
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <list>
+#include <string>
+#include <cassert>
+
+class Type;
+class Value;
+class User;
+struct Use;
+
+class Value {
+  public:
+    explicit Value(Type *ty, const std::string &name = "")
+        : type_(ty), name_(name){};
+    virtual ~Value() { replace_all_use_with(nullptr); }
+
+    std::string get_name() const { return name_; };
+    Type *get_type() const { return type_; }
+    const std::list<Use> &get_use_list() const { return use_list_; }
+
+    bool set_name(std::string name);
+
+    void add_use(User *user, unsigned arg_no);
+    void remove_use(User *user, unsigned arg_no);
+
+    void replace_all_use_with(Value *new_val);
+    void replace_use_with_if(Value *new_val, std::function<bool(Use *)> pred);
+
+    virtual std::string print() = 0;
+
+    template<typename T>
+    T *as()
+    {
+      static_assert(std::is_base_of<Value, T>::value, "T must be a subclass of Value");
+      const auto ptr = dynamic_cast<T*>(this);
+      assert(ptr && "dynamic_cast failed");
+      return ptr;
+    }
+    template<typename T>
+    [[nodiscard]] const T* as() const {
+        static_assert(std::is_base_of<Value, T>::value, "T must be a subclass of Value");
+        const auto ptr = dynamic_cast<const T*>(this);
+        assert(ptr);
+        return ptr;
+    }
+    // is 接口
+    template <typename T>
+    [[nodiscard]] bool is() const {
+        static_assert(std::is_base_of<Value, T>::value, "T must be a subclass of Value");
+        return dynamic_cast<const T*>(this);
+    }
+
+  private:
+    Type *type_;
+    std::list<Use> use_list_; // who use this value
+    std::string name_;        // should we put name field here ?
+};

src/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ add_subdirectory(parser)
 add_subdirectory(common)
 add_subdirectory(logging)
 add_subdirectory(cminusfc)
+add_subdirectory(lightir)
+add_subdirectory(io)
\ No newline at end of file

src/cminusfc/CMakeLists.txt

 add_executable(
     cminusfc
     main.cpp
+    cminusf_builder.cpp
 )
 
 target_link_libraries(
     cminusfc
+    IR_lib
     common
     syntax
     stdc++fs

src/cminusfc/cminusf_builder.cpp

+#include "cminusf_builder.hpp"
+
+#define CONST_FP(num) ConstantFP::get((float)num, module.get())
+#define CONST_INT(num) ConstantInt::get(num, module.get())
+
+// types
+Type *VOID_T;
+Type *INT1_T;
+Type *INT32_T;
+Type *INT32PTR_T;
+Type *FLOAT_T;
+Type *FLOATPTR_T;
+
+/*
+ * use CMinusfBuilder::Scope to construct scopes
+ * scope.enter: enter a new scope
+ * scope.exit: exit current scope
+ * scope.push: add a new binding to current scope
+ * scope.find: find and return the value bound to the name
+ */
+
+Value* CminusfBuilder::visit(ASTProgram &node) {
+    VOID_T = module->get_void_type();
+    INT1_T = module->get_int1_type();
+    INT32_T = module->get_int32_type();
+    INT32PTR_T = module->get_int32_ptr_type();
+    FLOAT_T = module->get_float_type();
+    FLOATPTR_T = module->get_float_ptr_type();
+
+    Value *ret_val = nullptr;
+    for (auto &decl : node.declarations) {
+        ret_val = decl->accept(*this);
+    }
+    return ret_val;
+}
+
+Value* CminusfBuilder::visit(ASTNum &node) {
+    // TODO: This function is empty now.
+    // Add some code here.
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+Value* CminusfBuilder::visit(ASTVarDeclaration &node) {
+    // TODO: This function is empty now.
+    // Add some code here.
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+Value* CminusfBuilder::visit(ASTFunDeclaration &node) {
+    FunctionType *fun_type;
+    Type *ret_type;
+    std::vector<Type *> param_types;
+    if (node.type == TYPE_INT)
+        ret_type = INT32_T;
+    else if (node.type == TYPE_FLOAT)
+        ret_type = FLOAT_T;
+    else
+        ret_type = VOID_T;
+
+    for (auto &param : node.params) {
+        // TODO: Please accomplish param_types.
+    }
+
+    fun_type = FunctionType::get(ret_type, param_types);
+    auto func = Function::create(fun_type, node.id, module.get());
+    scope.push(node.id, func);
+    context.func = func;
+    auto funBB = BasicBlock::create(module.get(), "entry", func);
+    builder->set_insert_point(funBB);
+    scope.enter();
+    std::vector<Value *> args;
+    for (auto &arg : func->get_args()) {
+        args.push_back(&arg);
+    }
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < node.params.size(); ++i) {
+        // TODO: You need to deal with params and store them in the scope.
+    }
+    node.compound_stmt->accept(*this);
+    if (builder->get_insert_block()->get_terminator() == nullptr) 
+    {
+        if (context.func->get_return_type()->is_void_type())
+            builder->create_void_ret();
+        else if (context.func->get_return_type()->is_float_type())
+            builder->create_ret(CONST_FP(0.));
+        else
+            builder->create_ret(CONST_INT(0));
+    }
+    scope.exit();
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+Value* CminusfBuilder::visit(ASTParam &node) {
+    // TODO: This function is empty now.
+    // Add some code here.
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+Value* CminusfBuilder::visit(ASTCompoundStmt &node) {
+    // TODO: This function is not complete.
+    // You may need to add some code here
+    // to deal with complex statements. 
+    
+    for (auto &decl : node.local_declarations) {
+        decl->accept(*this);
+    }
+
+    for (auto &stmt : node.statement_list) {
+        stmt->accept(*this);
+        if (builder->get_insert_block()->get_terminator() == nullptr)
+            break;
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+Value* CminusfBuilder::visit(ASTExpressionStmt &node) {
+    // TODO: This function is empty now.
+    // Add some code here.
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+Value* CminusfBuilder::visit(ASTSelectionStmt &node) {
+    // TODO: This function is empty now.
+    // Add some code here.
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+Value* CminusfBuilder::visit(ASTIterationStmt &node) {
+    // TODO: This function is empty now.
+    // Add some code here.
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+Value* CminusfBuilder::visit(ASTReturnStmt &node) {
+    if (node.expression == nullptr) {
+        builder->create_void_ret();
+        return nullptr;
+    } else {
+        // TODO: The given code is incomplete.
+        // You need to solve other return cases (e.g. return an integer).
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+Value* CminusfBuilder::visit(ASTVar &node) {
+    // TODO: This function is empty now.
+    // Add some code here.
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+Value* CminusfBuilder::visit(ASTAssignExpression &node) {
+    // TODO: This function is empty now.
+    // Add some code here.
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+Value* CminusfBuilder::visit(ASTSimpleExpression &node) {
+    // TODO: This function is empty now.
+    // Add some code here.
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+Value* CminusfBuilder::visit(ASTAdditiveExpression &node) {
+    // TODO: This function is empty now.
+    // Add some code here.
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+Value* CminusfBuilder::visit(ASTTerm &node) {
+    // TODO: This function is empty now.
+    // Add some code here.
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+Value* CminusfBuilder::visit(ASTCall &node) {
+    // TODO: This function is empty now.
+    // Add some code here.
+    return nullptr;
+}

src/cminusfc/main.cpp

+#include "Module.hpp"
 #include "ast.hpp"
+#include "cminusf_builder.hpp"
 
 #include <filesystem>
+#include <fstream>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <string>
 
 using std::string;
 using std::operator""s;
 
-struct Config
-{
+struct Config {
     string exe_name; // compiler exe name
     std::filesystem::path input_file;
     std::filesystem::path output_file;
 
     bool emitast{false};
+    bool emitllvm{false};
 
-    Config(int argc, char **argv) : argc(argc), argv(argv)
-    {
+    Config(int argc, char **argv) : argc(argc), argv(argv) {
         parse_cmd_line();
         check();
     }
 
-private:
+  private:
     int argc{-1};
     char **argv{nullptr};
 
@@ -32,50 +34,55 @@ private:
     void print_err(const string &msg) const;
 };
 
-int main(int argc, char **argv)
-{
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     Config config(argc, argv);
+
     auto syntax_tree = parse(config.input_file.c_str());
     auto ast = AST(syntax_tree);
+
+    if (config.emitast) { // if emit ast (lab1), print ast and return
         ASTPrinter printer;
         ast.run_visitor(printer);
+    } else {
+        std::unique_ptr<Module> m;
+        CminusfBuilder builder;
+        ast.run_visitor(builder);
+        m = builder.getModule();
+
+        std::ofstream output_stream(config.output_file);
+        if (config.emitllvm) {
+            auto abs_path = std::filesystem::canonical(config.input_file);
+            output_stream << "; ModuleID = 'cminus'\n";
+            output_stream << "source_filename = " << abs_path << "\n\n";
+            output_stream << m->print();
+        }
+
+        // TODO: lab3 lab4 (IR optimization or codegen)
+    }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-void Config::parse_cmd_line()
-{
+void Config::parse_cmd_line() {
     exe_name = argv[0];
-    for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i)
-    {
-        if (argv[i] == "-h"s || argv[i] == "--help"s)
-        {
+    for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
+        if (argv[i] == "-h"s || argv[i] == "--help"s) {
             print_help();
-        }
-        else if (argv[i] == "-o"s)
-        {
-            if (output_file.empty() && i + 1 < argc)
-            {
+        } else if (argv[i] == "-o"s) {
+            if (output_file.empty() && i + 1 < argc) {
                 output_file = argv[i + 1];
                 i += 1;
-            }
-            else
-            {
+            } else {
                 print_err("bad output file");
             }
-        }
-        else if (argv[i] == "-emit-ast"s)
-        {
+        } else if (argv[i] == "-emit-ast"s) {
             emitast = true;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            if (input_file.empty())
-            {
+        } else if (argv[i] == "-emit-llvm"s) {
+            emitllvm = true;
+        } else {
+            if (input_file.empty()) {
                 input_file = argv[i];
-            }
-            else
-            {
+            } else {
                 string err =
                     "unrecognized command-line option \'"s + argv[i] + "\'"s;
                 print_err(err);
@@ -84,24 +91,19 @@ void Config::parse_cmd_line()
     }
 }
 
-void Config::check()
-{
-    if (input_file.empty())
-    {
+void Config::check() {
+    if (input_file.empty()) {
         print_err("no input file");
     }
-    if (input_file.extension() != ".cminus")
-    {
+    if (input_file.extension() != ".cminus") {
         print_err("file format not recognized");
     }
-    if (output_file.empty())
-    {
+    if (output_file.empty()) {
         output_file = input_file.stem();
     }
 }
 
-void Config::print_help() const
-{
+void Config::print_help() const {
     std::cout << "Usage: " << exe_name
               << " [-h|--help] [-o <target-file>] [-mem2reg] [-emit-llvm] [-S] "
                  "<input-file>"
@@ -109,8 +111,7 @@ void Config::print_help() const
     exit(0);
 }
 
-void Config::print_err(const string &msg) const
-{
+void Config::print_err(const string &msg) const {
     std::cout << exe_name << ": " << msg << std::endl;
     exit(-1);
 }

src/common/ast.cpp

@@ -333,47 +333,29 @@ ASTNode *AST::transform_node_iter(syntax_tree_node *n) {
   }
 }
 
-void ASTProgram::accept(ASTVisitor &visitor) { return visitor.visit(*this); }
-void ASTNum::accept(ASTVisitor &visitor) { return visitor.visit(*this); }
-void ASTVarDeclaration::accept(ASTVisitor &visitor) {
+Value* ASTProgram::accept(ASTVisitor &visitor) { return visitor.visit(*this); }
+Value* ASTNum::accept(ASTVisitor &visitor) { return visitor.visit(*this); }
+Value* ASTVarDeclaration::accept(ASTVisitor &visitor) { return visitor.visit(*this); }
+Value* ASTFunDeclaration::accept(ASTVisitor &visitor) { return visitor.visit(*this); }
+Value* ASTParam::accept(ASTVisitor &visitor) { return visitor.visit(*this); }
+Value* ASTCompoundStmt::accept(ASTVisitor &visitor) { return visitor.visit(*this); }
+Value* ASTExpressionStmt::accept(ASTVisitor &visitor) { return visitor.visit(*this); }
+Value* ASTSelectionStmt::accept(ASTVisitor &visitor) { return visitor.visit(*this); }
+Value* ASTIterationStmt::accept(ASTVisitor &visitor) { return visitor.visit(*this); }
+Value* ASTReturnStmt::accept(ASTVisitor &visitor) { return visitor.visit(*this); }
+Value* ASTAssignExpression::accept(ASTVisitor &visitor) { return visitor.visit(*this); }
+Value* ASTSimpleExpression::accept(ASTVisitor &visitor) { return visitor.visit(*this); }
+Value* ASTAdditiveExpression::accept(ASTVisitor &visitor) {
     return visitor.visit(*this);
 }
-void ASTFunDeclaration::accept(ASTVisitor &visitor) {
-  return visitor.visit(*this);
-}
-void ASTParam::accept(ASTVisitor &visitor) { return visitor.visit(*this); }
-void ASTCompoundStmt::accept(ASTVisitor &visitor) {
-  return visitor.visit(*this);
-}
-void ASTExpressionStmt::accept(ASTVisitor &visitor) {
-  return visitor.visit(*this);
-}
-void ASTSelectionStmt::accept(ASTVisitor &visitor) {
-  return visitor.visit(*this);
-}
-void ASTIterationStmt::accept(ASTVisitor &visitor) {
-  return visitor.visit(*this);
-}
-void ASTReturnStmt::accept(ASTVisitor &visitor) { return visitor.visit(*this); }
-void ASTAssignExpression::accept(ASTVisitor &visitor) {
-  return visitor.visit(*this);
-}
-void ASTSimpleExpression::accept(ASTVisitor &visitor) {
-  return visitor.visit(*this);
-}
-void ASTAdditiveExpression::accept(ASTVisitor &visitor) {
-  return visitor.visit(*this);
-}
-void ASTVar::accept(ASTVisitor &visitor) { return visitor.visit(*this); }
-void ASTTerm::accept(ASTVisitor &visitor) { return visitor.visit(*this); }
-void ASTCall::accept(ASTVisitor &visitor) { return visitor.visit(*this); }
-
-// NOTE: 打印AST的相关接口，无需修改
+Value* ASTVar::accept(ASTVisitor &visitor) { return visitor.visit(*this); }
+Value* ASTTerm::accept(ASTVisitor &visitor) { return visitor.visit(*this); }
+Value* ASTCall::accept(ASTVisitor &visitor) { return visitor.visit(*this); }
 
 #define _DEBUG_PRINT_N_(N)                                                     \
     { std::cout << std::string(N, '-'); }
 
-void ASTPrinter::visit(ASTProgram &node) {
+Value* ASTPrinter::visit(ASTProgram &node) {
     _DEBUG_PRINT_N_(depth);
     std::cout << "program" << std::endl;
     add_depth();
@@ -381,9 +363,10 @@ void ASTPrinter::visit(ASTProgram &node) {
         decl->accept(*this);
     }
     remove_depth();
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
-void ASTPrinter::visit(ASTNum &node) {
+Value* ASTPrinter::visit(ASTNum &node) {
     _DEBUG_PRINT_N_(depth);
     if (node.type == TYPE_INT) {
         std::cout << "num (int): " << node.i_val << std::endl;
@@ -392,9 +375,10 @@ void ASTPrinter::visit(ASTNum &node) {
     } else {
         _AST_NODE_ERROR_
     }
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
-void ASTPrinter::visit(ASTVarDeclaration &node) {
+Value* ASTPrinter::visit(ASTVarDeclaration &node) {
     _DEBUG_PRINT_N_(depth);
     std::cout << "var-declaration: " << node.id;
     if (node.num != nullptr) {
@@ -402,12 +386,13 @@ void ASTPrinter::visit(ASTVarDeclaration &node) {
         add_depth();
         node.num->accept(*this);
         remove_depth();
-    return;
+        return nullptr;
     }
     std::cout << std::endl;
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
-void ASTPrinter::visit(ASTFunDeclaration &node) {
+Value* ASTPrinter::visit(ASTFunDeclaration &node) {
     _DEBUG_PRINT_N_(depth);
     std::cout << "fun-declaration: " << node.id << std::endl;
     add_depth();
@@ -417,17 +402,19 @@ void ASTPrinter::visit(ASTFunDeclaration &node) {
 
     node.compound_stmt->accept(*this);
     remove_depth();
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
-void ASTPrinter::visit(ASTParam &node) {
+Value* ASTPrinter::visit(ASTParam &node) {
     _DEBUG_PRINT_N_(depth);
     std::cout << "param: " << node.id;
     if (node.isarray)
         std::cout << "[]";
     std::cout << std::endl;
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
-void ASTPrinter::visit(ASTCompoundStmt &node) {
+Value* ASTPrinter::visit(ASTCompoundStmt &node) {
     _DEBUG_PRINT_N_(depth);
     std::cout << "compound-stmt" << std::endl;
     add_depth();
@@ -439,18 +426,20 @@ void ASTPrinter::visit(ASTCompoundStmt &node) {
         stmt->accept(*this);
     }
     remove_depth();
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
-void ASTPrinter::visit(ASTExpressionStmt &node) {
+Value* ASTPrinter::visit(ASTExpressionStmt &node) {
     _DEBUG_PRINT_N_(depth);
     std::cout << "expression-stmt" << std::endl;
     add_depth();
     if (node.expression != nullptr)
         node.expression->accept(*this);
     remove_depth();
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
-void ASTPrinter::visit(ASTSelectionStmt &node) {
+Value* ASTPrinter::visit(ASTSelectionStmt &node) {
     _DEBUG_PRINT_N_(depth);
     std::cout << "selection-stmt" << std::endl;
     add_depth();
@@ -459,18 +448,20 @@ void ASTPrinter::visit(ASTSelectionStmt &node) {
     if (node.else_statement != nullptr)
         node.else_statement->accept(*this);
     remove_depth();
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
-void ASTPrinter::visit(ASTIterationStmt &node) {
+Value* ASTPrinter::visit(ASTIterationStmt &node) {
     _DEBUG_PRINT_N_(depth);
     std::cout << "iteration-stmt" << std::endl;
     add_depth();
     node.expression->accept(*this);
     node.statement->accept(*this);
     remove_depth();
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
-void ASTPrinter::visit(ASTReturnStmt &node) {
+Value* ASTPrinter::visit(ASTReturnStmt &node) {
     _DEBUG_PRINT_N_(depth);
     std::cout << "return-stmt";
     if (node.expression == nullptr) {
@@ -481,18 +472,20 @@ void ASTPrinter::visit(ASTReturnStmt &node) {
         node.expression->accept(*this);
         remove_depth();
     }
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
-void ASTPrinter::visit(ASTAssignExpression &node) {
+Value* ASTPrinter::visit(ASTAssignExpression &node) {
     _DEBUG_PRINT_N_(depth);
     std::cout << "assign-expression" << std::endl;
     add_depth();
     node.var->accept(*this);
     node.expression->accept(*this);
     remove_depth();
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
-void ASTPrinter::visit(ASTSimpleExpression &node) {
+Value* ASTPrinter::visit(ASTSimpleExpression &node) {
     _DEBUG_PRINT_N_(depth);
     std::cout << "simple-expression";
     if (node.additive_expression_r == nullptr) {
@@ -521,9 +514,10 @@ void ASTPrinter::visit(ASTSimpleExpression &node) {
     if (node.additive_expression_r != nullptr)
         node.additive_expression_r->accept(*this);
     remove_depth();
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
-void ASTPrinter::visit(ASTAdditiveExpression &node) {
+Value* ASTPrinter::visit(ASTAdditiveExpression &node) {
     _DEBUG_PRINT_N_(depth);
     std::cout << "additive-expression";
     if (node.additive_expression == nullptr) {
@@ -544,9 +538,10 @@ void ASTPrinter::visit(ASTAdditiveExpression &node) {
         node.additive_expression->accept(*this);
     node.term->accept(*this);
     remove_depth();
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
-void ASTPrinter::visit(ASTVar &node) {
+Value* ASTPrinter::visit(ASTVar &node) {
     _DEBUG_PRINT_N_(depth);
     std::cout << "var: " << node.id;
     if (node.expression != nullptr) {
@@ -554,12 +549,13 @@ void ASTPrinter::visit(ASTVar &node) {
         add_depth();
         node.expression->accept(*this);
         remove_depth();
-    return;
+        return nullptr;
     }
     std::cout << std::endl;
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
-void ASTPrinter::visit(ASTTerm &node) {
+Value* ASTPrinter::visit(ASTTerm &node) {
     _DEBUG_PRINT_N_(depth);
     std::cout << "term";
     if (node.term == nullptr) {
@@ -581,9 +577,10 @@ void ASTPrinter::visit(ASTTerm &node) {
 
     node.factor->accept(*this);
     remove_depth();
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
-void ASTPrinter::visit(ASTCall &node) {
+Value* ASTPrinter::visit(ASTCall &node) {
     _DEBUG_PRINT_N_(depth);
     std::cout << "call: " << node.id << "()" << std::endl;
     add_depth();
@@ -591,4 +588,5 @@ void ASTPrinter::visit(ASTCall &node) {
         arg->accept(*this);
     }
     remove_depth();
+    return nullptr;
 }

src/common/logging.cpp

@@ -9,15 +9,11 @@ void LogWriter::operator<(const LogStream &stream) {
 void LogWriter::output_log(const std::ostringstream &msg) {
     if (log_level_ >= env_log_level)
         std::cout << "[" << level2string(log_level_) << "] "
-                    << "(" <<  location_.file_ 
-                    << ":" << location_.line_ 
-                    << "L  "<< location_.func_<<")"
-                    << msg.str() << std::endl;
-
+                  << "(" << location_.file_ << ":" << location_.line_ << "L  "
+                  << location_.func_ << ")" << msg.str() << std::endl;
 }
 std::string level2string(LogLevel level) {
-    switch (level)
-    {
+    switch (level) {
     case DEBUG:
         return "DEBUG";
 
@@ -34,9 +30,9 @@ std::string level2string(LogLevel level) {
         return "";
     }
 }
-std::string get_short_name(const char * file_path) {
+std::string get_short_name(const char *file_path) {
     std::string short_file_path = file_path;
     int index = short_file_path.find_last_of('/');
 
-    return short_file_path.substr(index+1);
+    return short_file_path.substr(index + 1);
 }

src/common/syntax_tree.c

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 
 #include "syntax_tree.h"
 
-syntax_tree_node * new_syntax_tree_node(const char * name)
-{
-	syntax_tree_node * new_node = (syntax_tree_node *)malloc(sizeof(syntax_tree_node));
+syntax_tree_node *new_syntax_tree_node(const char *name) {
+    syntax_tree_node *new_node =
+        (syntax_tree_node *)malloc(sizeof(syntax_tree_node));
     if (name)
         strncpy(new_node->name, name, SYNTAX_TREE_NODE_NAME_MAX);
     else
@@ -14,16 +14,16 @@ syntax_tree_node * new_syntax_tree_node(const char * name)
     return new_node;
 }
 
-int syntax_tree_add_child(syntax_tree_node * parent, syntax_tree_node * child)
-{
-	if (!parent || !child)	return -1;
+int syntax_tree_add_child(syntax_tree_node *parent, syntax_tree_node *child) {
+    if (!parent || !child)
+        return -1;
     parent->children[parent->children_num++] = child;
     return parent->children_num;
 }
 
-void del_syntax_tree_node(syntax_tree_node * node, int recursive)
-{
-	if (!node)	return;
+void del_syntax_tree_node(syntax_tree_node *node, int recursive) {
+    if (!node)
+        return;
 
     int i;
     if (recursive) {
@@ -34,14 +34,13 @@ void del_syntax_tree_node(syntax_tree_node * node, int recursive)
     free(node);
 }
 
-syntax_tree * new_syntax_tree()
-{
+syntax_tree *new_syntax_tree() {
     return (syntax_tree *)malloc(sizeof(syntax_tree));
 }
 
-void del_syntax_tree(syntax_tree * tree)
-{
-	if (!tree)	return;
+void del_syntax_tree(syntax_tree *tree) {
+    if (!tree)
+        return;
 
     if (tree->root) {
         del_syntax_tree_node(tree->root, 1);
@@ -49,12 +48,12 @@ void del_syntax_tree(syntax_tree * tree)
     free(tree);
 }
 
-void print_syntax_tree_node(FILE * fout, syntax_tree_node * node, int level)
-{
+void print_syntax_tree_node(FILE *fout, syntax_tree_node *node, int level) {
     // assume fout valid now
 
     // check if "node" empty pointer
-	if (!node)	return;
+    if (!node)
+        return;
 
     // print myself
     int i;
@@ -68,10 +67,9 @@ void print_syntax_tree_node(FILE * fout, syntax_tree_node * node, int level)
     }
 }
 
-void print_syntax_tree(FILE * fout, syntax_tree * tree)
-{
-	if (!fout)	return;
+void print_syntax_tree(FILE *fout, syntax_tree *tree) {
+    if (!fout)
+        return;
 
     print_syntax_tree_node(fout, tree->root, 0);
 }
-

src/io/CMakeLists.txt

+add_library(cminus_io io.c)
+
+install(
+    TARGETS cminus_io
+    ARCHIVE DESTINATION lib
+)

src/io/io.c

+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+int input() {
+    int a;
+    scanf("%d", &a);
+    return a;
+}
+
+void output(int a) { printf("%d\n", a); }
+
+void outputFloat(float a) { printf("%f\n", a); }
+
+void neg_idx_except() {
+    printf("negative index exception\n");
+    exit(0);
+}

src/io/io.h

+int input();
+
+void output(int a);
+
+void outputFloat(float a);
+
+void neg_idx_except();

src/lightir/BasicBlock.cpp

+#include "BasicBlock.hpp"
+
+#include "Function.hpp"
+#include "IRprinter.hpp"
+#include "Module.hpp"
+
+#include <cassert>
+
+BasicBlock::BasicBlock(Module *m, const std::string &name = "",
+                       Function *parent = nullptr)
+    : Value(m->get_label_type(), name), parent_(parent) {
+    assert(parent && "currently parent should not be nullptr");
+    parent_->add_basic_block(this);
+}
+
+Module *BasicBlock::get_module() { return get_parent()->get_parent(); }
+void BasicBlock::erase_from_parent() { this->get_parent()->remove(this); }
+
+bool BasicBlock::is_terminated() const {
+    if (instr_list_.empty()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    switch (instr_list_.back().get_instr_type()) {
+    case Instruction::ret:
+    case Instruction::br:
+        return true;
+    default:
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+Instruction *BasicBlock::get_terminator() {
+    assert(is_terminated() &&
+           "Trying to get terminator from an bb which is not terminated");
+    return &instr_list_.back();
+}
+
+void BasicBlock::add_instruction(Instruction *instr) {
+    assert(not is_terminated() && "Inserting instruction to terminated bb");
+    instr_list_.push_back(instr);
+}
+
+std::string BasicBlock::print() {
+    std::string bb_ir;
+    bb_ir += this->get_name();
+    bb_ir += ":";
+    // print prebb
+    if (!this->get_pre_basic_blocks().empty()) {
+        bb_ir += "                                                ; preds = ";
+    }
+    for (auto bb : this->get_pre_basic_blocks()) {
+        if (bb != *this->get_pre_basic_blocks().begin()) {
+            bb_ir += ", ";
+        }
+        bb_ir += print_as_op(bb, false);
+    }
+
+    // print prebb
+    if (!this->get_parent()) {
+        bb_ir += "\n";
+        bb_ir += "; Error: Block without parent!";
+    }
+    bb_ir += "\n";
+    for (auto &instr : this->get_instructions()) {
+        bb_ir += "  ";
+        bb_ir += instr.print();
+        bb_ir += "\n";
+    }
+
+    return bb_ir;
+}

src/lightir/CMakeLists.txt

+add_library(
+    IR_lib STATIC
+    Type.cpp
+    User.cpp
+    Value.cpp
+    BasicBlock.cpp
+    Constant.cpp
+    Function.cpp
+    GlobalVariable.cpp
+    Instruction.cpp
+    Module.cpp
+    IRprinter.cpp
+)
+
+target_link_libraries(
+    IR_lib
+    LLVMSupport
+)

src/lightir/Constant.cpp

+#include "Constant.hpp"
+#include "Module.hpp"
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <memory>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+struct pair_hash {
+    template <typename T>
+    std::size_t operator()(const std::pair<T, Module *> val) const {
+        auto lhs = std::hash<T>()(val.first);
+        auto rhs =
+            std::hash<uintptr_t>()(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(val.second));
+        return lhs ^ rhs;
+    }
+};
+
+static std::unordered_map<std::pair<int, Module *>,
+                          std::unique_ptr<ConstantInt>, pair_hash>
+    cached_int;
+static std::unordered_map<std::pair<bool, Module *>,
+                          std::unique_ptr<ConstantInt>, pair_hash>
+    cached_bool;
+static std::unordered_map<std::pair<float, Module *>,
+                          std::unique_ptr<ConstantFP>, pair_hash>
+    cached_float;
+static std::unordered_map<Type *, std::unique_ptr<ConstantZero>> cached_zero;
+
+ConstantInt *ConstantInt::get(int val, Module *m) {
+    if (cached_int.find(std::make_pair(val, m)) != cached_int.end())
+        return cached_int[std::make_pair(val, m)].get();
+    return (cached_int[std::make_pair(val, m)] = std::unique_ptr<ConstantInt>(
+                new ConstantInt(m->get_int32_type(), val)))
+        .get();
+}
+ConstantInt *ConstantInt::get(bool val, Module *m) {
+    if (cached_bool.find(std::make_pair(val, m)) != cached_bool.end())
+        return cached_bool[std::make_pair(val, m)].get();
+    return (cached_bool[std::make_pair(val, m)] = std::unique_ptr<ConstantInt>(
+                new ConstantInt(m->get_int1_type(), val ? 1 : 0)))
+        .get();
+}
+std::string ConstantInt::print() {
+    std::string const_ir;
+    Type *ty = this->get_type();
+    if (ty->is_integer_type() &&
+        static_cast<IntegerType *>(ty)->get_num_bits() == 1) {
+        // int1
+        const_ir += (this->get_value() == 0) ? "false" : "true";
+    } else {
+        // int32
+        const_ir += std::to_string(this->get_value());
+    }
+    return const_ir;
+}
+
+ConstantArray::ConstantArray(ArrayType *ty, const std::vector<Constant *> &val)
+    : Constant(ty, "") {
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < val.size(); i++)
+        set_operand(i, val[i]);
+    this->const_array.assign(val.begin(), val.end());
+}
+
+Constant *ConstantArray::get_element_value(int index) {
+    return this->const_array[index];
+}
+
+ConstantArray *ConstantArray::get(ArrayType *ty,
+                                  const std::vector<Constant *> &val) {
+    return new ConstantArray(ty, val);
+}
+
+std::string ConstantArray::print() {
+    std::string const_ir;
+    const_ir += this->get_type()->print();
+    const_ir += " ";
+    const_ir += "[";
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < this->get_size_of_array(); i++) {
+        Constant *element = get_element_value(i);
+        if (!dynamic_cast<ConstantArray *>(get_element_value(i))) {
+            const_ir += element->get_type()->print();
+        }
+        const_ir += element->print();
+        if (i < this->get_size_of_array()) {
+            const_ir += ", ";
+        }
+    }
+    const_ir += "]";
+    return const_ir;
+}
+
+ConstantFP *ConstantFP::get(float val, Module *m) {
+    if (cached_float.find(std::make_pair(val, m)) != cached_float.end())
+        return cached_float[std::make_pair(val, m)].get();
+    return (cached_float[std::make_pair(val, m)] = std::unique_ptr<ConstantFP>(
+                new ConstantFP(m->get_float_type(), val)))
+        .get();
+}
+
+std::string ConstantFP::print() {
+    std::stringstream fp_ir_ss;
+    std::string fp_ir;
+    double val = this->get_value();
+    fp_ir_ss << "0x" << std::hex << *(uint64_t *)&val << std::endl;
+    fp_ir_ss >> fp_ir;
+    return fp_ir;
+}
+
+ConstantZero *ConstantZero::get(Type *ty, Module *m) {
+    if (not cached_zero[ty])
+        cached_zero[ty] = std::unique_ptr<ConstantZero>(new ConstantZero(ty));
+    return cached_zero[ty].get();
+}
+
+std::string ConstantZero::print() { return "zeroinitializer"; }

src/lightir/Function.cpp

+#include "Function.hpp"
+#include "IRprinter.hpp"
+#include "Module.hpp"
+
+Function::Function(FunctionType *ty, const std::string &name, Module *parent)
+    : Value(ty, name), parent_(parent), seq_cnt_(0) {
+    // num_args_ = ty->getNumParams();
+    parent->add_function(this);
+    // build args
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < get_num_of_args(); i++) {
+        arguments_.emplace_back(ty->get_param_type(i), "", this, i);
+    }
+}
+Function *Function::create(FunctionType *ty, const std::string &name,
+                           Module *parent) {
+    return new Function(ty, name, parent);
+}
+
+FunctionType *Function::get_function_type() const {
+    return static_cast<FunctionType *>(get_type());
+}
+
+Type *Function::get_return_type() const {
+    return get_function_type()->get_return_type();
+}
+
+unsigned Function::get_num_of_args() const {
+    return get_function_type()->get_num_of_args();
+}
+
+unsigned Function::get_num_basic_blocks() const { return basic_blocks_.size(); }
+
+Module *Function::get_parent() const { return parent_; }
+
+void Function::remove(BasicBlock *bb) {
+    basic_blocks_.remove(bb);
+    for (auto pre : bb->get_pre_basic_blocks()) {
+        pre->remove_succ_basic_block(bb);
+    }
+    for (auto succ : bb->get_succ_basic_blocks()) {
+        succ->remove_pre_basic_block(bb);
+    }
+}
+
+void Function::add_basic_block(BasicBlock *bb) { basic_blocks_.push_back(bb); }
+
+void Function::set_instr_name() {
+    std::map<Value *, int> seq;
+    for (auto &arg : this->get_args()) {
+        if (seq.find(&arg) == seq.end()) {
+            auto seq_num = seq.size() + seq_cnt_;
+            if (arg.set_name("arg" + std::to_string(seq_num))) {
+                seq.insert({&arg, seq_num});
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    for (auto &bb1 : basic_blocks_) {
+        auto bb = &bb1;
+        if (seq.find(bb) == seq.end()) {
+            auto seq_num = seq.size() + seq_cnt_;
+            if (bb->set_name("label" + std::to_string(seq_num))) {
+                seq.insert({bb, seq_num});
+            }
+        }
+        for (auto &instr : bb->get_instructions()) {
+            if (!instr.is_void() && seq.find(&instr) == seq.end()) {
+                auto seq_num = seq.size() + seq_cnt_;
+                if (instr.set_name("op" + std::to_string(seq_num))) {
+                    seq.insert({&instr, seq_num});
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    seq_cnt_ += seq.size();
+}
+
+std::string Function::print() {
+    set_instr_name();
+    std::string func_ir;
+    if (this->is_declaration()) {
+        func_ir += "declare ";
+    } else {
+        func_ir += "define ";
+    }
+
+    func_ir += this->get_return_type()->print();
+    func_ir += " ";
+    func_ir += print_as_op(this, false);
+    func_ir += "(";
+
+    // print arg
+    if (this->is_declaration()) {
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < this->get_num_of_args(); i++) {
+            if (i)
+                func_ir += ", ";
+            func_ir += static_cast<FunctionType *>(this->get_type())
+                           ->get_param_type(i)
+                           ->print();
+        }
+    } else {
+        for (auto &arg : get_args()) {
+            if (&arg != &*get_args().begin())
+                func_ir += ", ";
+            func_ir += arg.print();
+        }
+    }
+    func_ir += ")";
+
+    // print bb
+    if (this->is_declaration()) {
+        func_ir += "\n";
+    } else {
+        func_ir += " {";
+        func_ir += "\n";
+        for (auto &bb1 : this->get_basic_blocks()) {
+            auto bb = &bb1;
+            func_ir += bb->print();
+        }
+        func_ir += "}";
+    }
+
+    return func_ir;
+}
+
+std::string Argument::print() {
+    std::string arg_ir;
+    arg_ir += this->get_type()->print();
+    arg_ir += " %";
+    arg_ir += this->get_name();
+    return arg_ir;
+}

src/lightir/GlobalVariable.cpp

+#include "GlobalVariable.hpp"
+#include "IRprinter.hpp"
+
+GlobalVariable::GlobalVariable(std::string name, Module *m, Type *ty,
+                               bool is_const, Constant *init)
+    : User(ty, name), is_const_(is_const), init_val_(init) {
+    m->add_global_variable(this);
+    if (init) {
+        this->add_operand(init);
+    }
+} // global操作数为initval
+
+GlobalVariable *GlobalVariable::create(std::string name, Module *m, Type *ty,
+                                       bool is_const,
+                                       Constant *init = nullptr) {
+    return new GlobalVariable(name, m, PointerType::get(ty), is_const, init);
+}
+
+std::string GlobalVariable::print() {
+    std::string global_val_ir;
+    global_val_ir += print_as_op(this, false);
+    global_val_ir += " = ";
+    global_val_ir += (this->is_const() ? "constant " : "global ");
+    global_val_ir += this->get_type()->get_pointer_element_type()->print();
+    global_val_ir += " ";
+    global_val_ir += this->get_init()->print();
+    return global_val_ir;
+}

src/lightir/IRprinter.cpp

+#include "IRprinter.hpp"
+#include "Instruction.hpp"
+#include <cassert>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+std::string print_as_op(Value *v, bool print_ty) {
+    std::string op_ir;
+    if (print_ty) {
+        op_ir += v->get_type()->print();
+        op_ir += " ";
+    }
+
+    if (dynamic_cast<GlobalVariable *>(v)) {
+        op_ir += "@" + v->get_name();
+    } else if (dynamic_cast<Function *>(v)) {
+        op_ir += "@" + v->get_name();
+    } else if (dynamic_cast<Constant *>(v)) {
+        op_ir += v->print();
+    } else {
+        op_ir += "%" + v->get_name();
+    }
+
+    return op_ir;
+}
+
+std::string print_instr_op_name(Instruction::OpID id) {
+    switch (id) {
+    case Instruction::ret:
+        return "ret";
+    case Instruction::br:
+        return "br";
+    case Instruction::add:
+        return "add";
+    case Instruction::sub:
+        return "sub";
+    case Instruction::mul:
+        return "mul";
+    case Instruction::sdiv:
+        return "sdiv";
+    case Instruction::fadd:
+        return "fadd";
+    case Instruction::fsub:
+        return "fsub";
+    case Instruction::fmul:
+        return "fmul";
+    case Instruction::fdiv:
+        return "fdiv";
+    case Instruction::alloca:
+        return "alloca";
+    case Instruction::load:
+        return "load";
+    case Instruction::store:
+        return "store";
+    case Instruction::ge:
+        return "sge";
+    case Instruction::gt:
+        return "sgt";
+    case Instruction::le:
+        return "sle";
+    case Instruction::lt:
+        return "slt";
+    case Instruction::eq:
+        return "eq";
+    case Instruction::ne:
+        return "ne";
+    case Instruction::fge:
+        return "uge";
+    case Instruction::fgt:
+        return "ugt";
+    case Instruction::fle:
+        return "ule";
+    case Instruction::flt:
+        return "ult";
+    case Instruction::feq:
+        return "ueq";
+    case Instruction::fne:
+        return "une";
+    case Instruction::phi:
+        return "phi";
+    case Instruction::call:
+        return "call";
+    case Instruction::getelementptr:
+        return "getelementptr";
+    case Instruction::zext:
+        return "zext";
+    case Instruction::fptosi:
+        return "fptosi";
+    case Instruction::sitofp:
+        return "sitofp";
+    }
+    assert(false && "Must be bug");
+}
+
+template <class BinInst> std::string print_binary_inst(const BinInst &inst) {
+    std::string instr_ir;
+    instr_ir += "%";
+    instr_ir += inst.get_name();
+    instr_ir += " = ";
+    instr_ir += inst.get_instr_op_name();
+    instr_ir += " ";
+    instr_ir += inst.get_operand(0)->get_type()->print();
+    instr_ir += " ";
+    instr_ir += print_as_op(inst.get_operand(0), false);
+    instr_ir += ", ";
+    if (inst.get_operand(0)->get_type() == inst.get_operand(1)->get_type()) {
+        instr_ir += print_as_op(inst.get_operand(1), false);
+    } else {
+        instr_ir += print_as_op(inst.get_operand(1), true);
+    }
+    return instr_ir;
+}
+std::string IBinaryInst::print() { return print_binary_inst(*this); }
+std::string FBinaryInst::print() { return print_binary_inst(*this); }
+
+template <class CMP> std::string print_cmp_inst(const CMP &inst) {
+    std::string cmp_type;
+    if (inst.is_cmp())
+        cmp_type = "icmp";
+    else if (inst.is_fcmp())
+        cmp_type = "fcmp";
+    else
+        assert(false && "Unexpected case");
+    std::string instr_ir;
+    instr_ir += "%";
+    instr_ir += inst.get_name();
+    instr_ir += " = " + cmp_type + " ";
+    instr_ir += inst.get_instr_op_name();
+    instr_ir += " ";
+    instr_ir += inst.get_operand(0)->get_type()->print();
+    instr_ir += " ";
+    instr_ir += print_as_op(inst.get_operand(0), false);
+    instr_ir += ", ";
+    if (inst.get_operand(0)->get_type() == inst.get_operand(1)->get_type()) {
+        instr_ir += print_as_op(inst.get_operand(1), false);
+    } else {
+        instr_ir += print_as_op(inst.get_operand(1), true);
+    }
+    return instr_ir;
+}
+std::string ICmpInst::print() { return print_cmp_inst(*this); }
+std::string FCmpInst::print() { return print_cmp_inst(*this); }
+
+std::string CallInst::print() {
+    std::string instr_ir;
+    if (!this->is_void()) {
+        instr_ir += "%";
+        instr_ir += this->get_name();
+        instr_ir += " = ";
+    }
+    instr_ir += get_instr_op_name();
+    instr_ir += " ";
+    instr_ir += this->get_function_type()->get_return_type()->print();
+
+    instr_ir += " ";
+    assert(dynamic_cast<Function *>(this->get_operand(0)) &&
+           "Wrong call operand function");
+    instr_ir += print_as_op(this->get_operand(0), false);
+    instr_ir += "(";
+    for (unsigned i = 1; i < this->get_num_operand(); i++) {
+        if (i > 1)
+            instr_ir += ", ";
+        instr_ir += this->get_operand(i)->get_type()->print();
+        instr_ir += " ";
+        instr_ir += print_as_op(this->get_operand(i), false);
+    }
+    instr_ir += ")";
+    return instr_ir;
+}
+
+std::string BranchInst::print() {
+    std::string instr_ir;
+    instr_ir += get_instr_op_name();
+    instr_ir += " ";
+    instr_ir += print_as_op(this->get_operand(0), true);
+    if (is_cond_br()) {
+        instr_ir += ", ";
+        instr_ir += print_as_op(this->get_operand(1), true);
+        instr_ir += ", ";
+        instr_ir += print_as_op(this->get_operand(2), true);
+    }
+    return instr_ir;
+}
+
+std::string ReturnInst::print() {
+    std::string instr_ir;
+    instr_ir += get_instr_op_name();
+    instr_ir += " ";
+    if (!is_void_ret()) {
+        instr_ir += this->get_operand(0)->get_type()->print();
+        instr_ir += " ";
+        instr_ir += print_as_op(this->get_operand(0), false);
+    } else {
+        instr_ir += "void";
+    }
+
+    return instr_ir;
+}
+
+std::string GetElementPtrInst::print() {
+    std::string instr_ir;
+    instr_ir += "%";
+    instr_ir += this->get_name();
+    instr_ir += " = ";
+    instr_ir += get_instr_op_name();
+    instr_ir += " ";
+    assert(this->get_operand(0)->get_type()->is_pointer_type());
+    instr_ir +=
+        this->get_operand(0)->get_type()->get_pointer_element_type()->print();
+    instr_ir += ", ";
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < this->get_num_operand(); i++) {
+        if (i > 0)
+            instr_ir += ", ";
+        instr_ir += this->get_operand(i)->get_type()->print();
+        instr_ir += " ";
+        instr_ir += print_as_op(this->get_operand(i), false);
+    }
+    return instr_ir;
+}
+
+std::string StoreInst::print() {
+    std::string instr_ir;
+    instr_ir += get_instr_op_name();
+    instr_ir += " ";
+    instr_ir += this->get_operand(0)->get_type()->print();
+    instr_ir += " ";
+    instr_ir += print_as_op(this->get_operand(0), false);
+    instr_ir += ", ";
+    instr_ir += print_as_op(this->get_operand(1), true);
+    return instr_ir;
+}
+
+std::string LoadInst::print() {
+    std::string instr_ir;
+    instr_ir += "%";
+    instr_ir += this->get_name();
+    instr_ir += " = ";
+    instr_ir += get_instr_op_name();
+    instr_ir += " ";
+    assert(this->get_operand(0)->get_type()->is_pointer_type());
+    instr_ir +=
+        this->get_operand(0)->get_type()->get_pointer_element_type()->print();
+    instr_ir += ",";
+    instr_ir += " ";
+    instr_ir += print_as_op(this->get_operand(0), true);
+    return instr_ir;
+}
+
+std::string AllocaInst::print() {
+    std::string instr_ir;
+    instr_ir += "%";
+    instr_ir += this->get_name();
+    instr_ir += " = ";
+    instr_ir += get_instr_op_name();
+    instr_ir += " ";
+    instr_ir += get_alloca_type()->print();
+    return instr_ir;
+}
+
+std::string ZextInst::print() {
+    std::string instr_ir;
+    instr_ir += "%";
+    instr_ir += this->get_name();
+    instr_ir += " = ";
+    instr_ir += get_instr_op_name();
+    instr_ir += " ";
+    instr_ir += this->get_operand(0)->get_type()->print();
+    instr_ir += " ";
+    instr_ir += print_as_op(this->get_operand(0), false);
+    instr_ir += " to ";
+    instr_ir += this->get_dest_type()->print();
+    return instr_ir;
+}
+
+std::string FpToSiInst::print() {
+    std::string instr_ir;
+    instr_ir += "%";
+    instr_ir += this->get_name();
+    instr_ir += " = ";
+    instr_ir += get_instr_op_name();
+    instr_ir += " ";
+    instr_ir += this->get_operand(0)->get_type()->print();
+    instr_ir += " ";
+    instr_ir += print_as_op(this->get_operand(0), false);
+    instr_ir += " to ";
+    instr_ir += this->get_dest_type()->print();
+    return instr_ir;
+}
+
+std::string SiToFpInst::print() {
+    std::string instr_ir;
+    instr_ir += "%";
+    instr_ir += this->get_name();
+    instr_ir += " = ";
+    instr_ir += get_instr_op_name();
+    instr_ir += " ";
+    instr_ir += this->get_operand(0)->get_type()->print();
+    instr_ir += " ";
+    instr_ir += print_as_op(this->get_operand(0), false);
+    instr_ir += " to ";
+    instr_ir += this->get_dest_type()->print();
+    return instr_ir;
+}
+
+std::string PhiInst::print() {
+    std::string instr_ir;
+    instr_ir += "%";
+    instr_ir += this->get_name();
+    instr_ir += " = ";
+    instr_ir += get_instr_op_name();
+    instr_ir += " ";
+    instr_ir += this->get_operand(0)->get_type()->print();
+    instr_ir += " ";
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < this->get_num_operand() / 2; i++) {
+        if (i > 0)
+            instr_ir += ", ";
+        instr_ir += "[ ";
+        instr_ir += print_as_op(this->get_operand(2 * i), false);
+        instr_ir += ", ";
+        instr_ir += print_as_op(this->get_operand(2 * i + 1), false);
+        instr_ir += " ]";
+    }
+    if (this->get_num_operand() / 2 <
+        this->get_parent()->get_pre_basic_blocks().size()) {
+        for (auto pre_bb : this->get_parent()->get_pre_basic_blocks()) {
+            if (std::find(this->get_operands().begin(),
+                          this->get_operands().end(),
+                          static_cast<Value *>(pre_bb)) ==
+                this->get_operands().end()) {
+                // find a pre_bb is not in phi
+                instr_ir += ", [ undef, " + print_as_op(pre_bb, false) + " ]";
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return instr_ir;
+}

src/lightir/Instruction.cpp

+#include "Instruction.hpp"
+#include "BasicBlock.hpp"
+#include "Function.hpp"
+#include "IRprinter.hpp"
+#include "Module.hpp"
+#include "Type.hpp"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+Instruction::Instruction(Type *ty, OpID id, BasicBlock *parent)
+    : User(ty, ""), op_id_(id), parent_(parent) {
+    if (parent)
+        parent->add_instruction(this);
+}
+
+Function *Instruction::get_function() { return parent_->get_parent(); }
+Module *Instruction::get_module() { return parent_->get_module(); }
+
+std::string Instruction::get_instr_op_name() const {
+    return print_instr_op_name(op_id_);
+}
+
+IBinaryInst::IBinaryInst(OpID id, Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb)
+    : BaseInst<IBinaryInst>(bb->get_module()->get_int32_type(), id, bb) {
+    assert(v1->get_type()->is_int32_type() && v2->get_type()->is_int32_type() &&
+           "IBinaryInst operands are not both i32");
+    add_operand(v1);
+    add_operand(v2);
+}
+
+IBinaryInst *IBinaryInst::create_add(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(add, v1, v2, bb);
+}
+IBinaryInst *IBinaryInst::create_sub(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(sub, v1, v2, bb);
+}
+IBinaryInst *IBinaryInst::create_mul(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(mul, v1, v2, bb);
+}
+IBinaryInst *IBinaryInst::create_sdiv(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(sdiv, v1, v2, bb);
+}
+
+FBinaryInst::FBinaryInst(OpID id, Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb)
+    : BaseInst<FBinaryInst>(bb->get_module()->get_float_type(), id, bb) {
+    assert(v1->get_type()->is_float_type() && v2->get_type()->is_float_type() &&
+           "FBinaryInst operands are not both float");
+    add_operand(v1);
+    add_operand(v2);
+}
+
+FBinaryInst *FBinaryInst::create_fadd(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(fadd, v1, v2, bb);
+}
+FBinaryInst *FBinaryInst::create_fsub(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(fsub, v1, v2, bb);
+}
+FBinaryInst *FBinaryInst::create_fmul(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(fmul, v1, v2, bb);
+}
+FBinaryInst *FBinaryInst::create_fdiv(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(fdiv, v1, v2, bb);
+}
+
+ICmpInst::ICmpInst(OpID id, Value *lhs, Value *rhs, BasicBlock *bb)
+    : BaseInst<ICmpInst>(bb->get_module()->get_int1_type(), id, bb) {
+    assert(lhs->get_type()->is_int32_type() &&
+           rhs->get_type()->is_int32_type() &&
+           "CmpInst operands are not both i32");
+    add_operand(lhs);
+    add_operand(rhs);
+}
+
+ICmpInst *ICmpInst::create_ge(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(ge, v1, v2, bb);
+}
+ICmpInst *ICmpInst::create_gt(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(gt, v1, v2, bb);
+}
+ICmpInst *ICmpInst::create_le(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(le, v1, v2, bb);
+}
+ICmpInst *ICmpInst::create_lt(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(lt, v1, v2, bb);
+}
+ICmpInst *ICmpInst::create_eq(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(eq, v1, v2, bb);
+}
+ICmpInst *ICmpInst::create_ne(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(ne, v1, v2, bb);
+}
+
+FCmpInst::FCmpInst(OpID id, Value *lhs, Value *rhs, BasicBlock *bb)
+    : BaseInst<FCmpInst>(bb->get_module()->get_int1_type(), id, bb) {
+    assert(lhs->get_type()->is_float_type() &&
+           rhs->get_type()->is_float_type() &&
+           "FCmpInst operands are not both float");
+    add_operand(lhs);
+    add_operand(rhs);
+}
+
+FCmpInst *FCmpInst::create_fge(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(fge, v1, v2, bb);
+}
+FCmpInst *FCmpInst::create_fgt(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(fgt, v1, v2, bb);
+}
+FCmpInst *FCmpInst::create_fle(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(fle, v1, v2, bb);
+}
+FCmpInst *FCmpInst::create_flt(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(flt, v1, v2, bb);
+}
+FCmpInst *FCmpInst::create_feq(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(feq, v1, v2, bb);
+}
+FCmpInst *FCmpInst::create_fne(Value *v1, Value *v2, BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(fne, v1, v2, bb);
+}
+
+CallInst::CallInst(Function *func, std::vector<Value *> args, BasicBlock *bb)
+    : BaseInst<CallInst>(func->get_return_type(), call, bb) {
+    assert(func->get_type()->is_function_type() && "Not a function");
+    assert((func->get_num_of_args() == args.size()) && "Wrong number of args");
+    add_operand(func);
+    auto func_type = static_cast<FunctionType *>(func->get_type());
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < args.size(); i++) {
+        assert(func_type->get_param_type(i) == args[i]->get_type() &&
+               "CallInst: Wrong arg type");
+        add_operand(args[i]);
+    }
+}
+
+CallInst *CallInst::create_call(Function *func, std::vector<Value *> args,
+                                BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(func, args, bb);
+}
+
+FunctionType *CallInst::get_function_type() const {
+    return static_cast<FunctionType *>(get_operand(0)->get_type());
+}
+
+BranchInst::BranchInst(Value *cond, BasicBlock *if_true, BasicBlock *if_false,
+                       BasicBlock *bb)
+    : BaseInst<BranchInst>(bb->get_module()->get_void_type(), br, bb) {
+    if (cond == nullptr) { // conditionless jump
+        assert(if_false == nullptr && "Given false-bb on conditionless jump");
+        add_operand(if_true);
+        // prev/succ
+        if_true->add_pre_basic_block(bb);
+        bb->add_succ_basic_block(if_true);
+    } else {
+        assert(cond->get_type()->is_int1_type() &&
+               "BranchInst condition is not i1");
+        add_operand(cond);
+        add_operand(if_true);
+        add_operand(if_false);
+        // prev/succ
+        if_true->add_pre_basic_block(bb);
+        if_false->add_pre_basic_block(bb);
+        bb->add_succ_basic_block(if_true);
+        bb->add_succ_basic_block(if_false);
+    }
+}
+
+BranchInst::~BranchInst() {
+    std::list<BasicBlock *> succs;
+    if (is_cond_br()) {
+        succs.push_back(static_cast<BasicBlock *>(get_operand(1)));
+        succs.push_back(static_cast<BasicBlock *>(get_operand(2)));
+    } else {
+        succs.push_back(static_cast<BasicBlock *>(get_operand(0)));
+    }
+    for (auto succ_bb : succs) {
+        if (succ_bb) {
+            succ_bb->remove_pre_basic_block(get_parent());
+            get_parent()->remove_succ_basic_block(succ_bb);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+BranchInst *BranchInst::create_cond_br(Value *cond, BasicBlock *if_true,
+                                       BasicBlock *if_false, BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(cond, if_true, if_false, bb);
+}
+
+BranchInst *BranchInst::create_br(BasicBlock *if_true, BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(nullptr, if_true, nullptr, bb);
+}
+
+ReturnInst::ReturnInst(Value *val, BasicBlock *bb)
+    : BaseInst<ReturnInst>(bb->get_module()->get_void_type(), ret, bb) {
+    if (val == nullptr) {
+        assert(bb->get_parent()->get_return_type()->is_void_type());
+    } else {
+        assert(!bb->get_parent()->get_return_type()->is_void_type() &&
+               "Void function returning a value");
+        assert(bb->get_parent()->get_return_type() == val->get_type() &&
+               "ReturnInst type is different from function return type");
+        add_operand(val);
+    }
+}
+
+ReturnInst *ReturnInst::create_ret(Value *val, BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(val, bb);
+}
+ReturnInst *ReturnInst::create_void_ret(BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(nullptr, bb);
+}
+
+bool ReturnInst::is_void_ret() const { return get_num_operand() == 0; }
+
+GetElementPtrInst::GetElementPtrInst(Value *ptr, std::vector<Value *> idxs,
+                                     BasicBlock *bb)
+    : BaseInst<GetElementPtrInst>(PointerType::get(get_element_type(ptr, idxs)),
+                                  getelementptr, bb) {
+    add_operand(ptr);
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < idxs.size(); i++) {
+        Value *idx = idxs[i];
+        assert(idx->get_type()->is_integer_type() && "Index is not integer");
+        add_operand(idx);
+    }
+}
+
+Type *GetElementPtrInst::get_element_type(Value *ptr,
+                                          std::vector<Value *> idxs) {
+    assert(ptr->get_type()->is_pointer_type() &&
+           "GetElementPtrInst ptr is not a pointer");
+
+    Type *ty = ptr->get_type()->get_pointer_element_type();
+    assert(
+        "GetElementPtrInst ptr is wrong type" &&
+        (ty->is_array_type() || ty->is_integer_type() || ty->is_float_type()));
+    if (ty->is_array_type()) {
+        ArrayType *arr_ty = static_cast<ArrayType *>(ty);
+        for (unsigned i = 1; i < idxs.size(); i++) {
+            ty = arr_ty->get_element_type();
+            if (i < idxs.size() - 1) {
+                assert(ty->is_array_type() && "Index error!");
+            }
+            if (ty->is_array_type()) {
+                arr_ty = static_cast<ArrayType *>(ty);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return ty;
+}
+
+Type *GetElementPtrInst::get_element_type() const {
+    return get_type()->get_pointer_element_type();
+}
+
+GetElementPtrInst *GetElementPtrInst::create_gep(Value *ptr,
+                                                 std::vector<Value *> idxs,
+                                                 BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(ptr, idxs, bb);
+}
+
+StoreInst::StoreInst(Value *val, Value *ptr, BasicBlock *bb)
+    : BaseInst<StoreInst>(bb->get_module()->get_void_type(), store, bb) {
+    assert((ptr->get_type()->get_pointer_element_type() == val->get_type()) &&
+           "StoreInst ptr is not a pointer to val type");
+    add_operand(val);
+    add_operand(ptr);
+}
+
+StoreInst *StoreInst::create_store(Value *val, Value *ptr, BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(val, ptr, bb);
+}
+
+LoadInst::LoadInst(Value *ptr, BasicBlock *bb)
+    : BaseInst<LoadInst>(ptr->get_type()->get_pointer_element_type(), load,
+                         bb) {
+    assert((get_type()->is_integer_type() or get_type()->is_float_type() or
+            get_type()->is_pointer_type()) &&
+           "Should not load value with type except int/float");
+    add_operand(ptr);
+}
+
+LoadInst *LoadInst::create_load(Value *ptr, BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(ptr, bb);
+}
+
+AllocaInst::AllocaInst(Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb)
+    : BaseInst<AllocaInst>(PointerType::get(ty), alloca, bb) {
+    static const std::array allowed_alloc_type = {
+        Type::IntegerTyID, Type::FloatTyID, Type::ArrayTyID, Type::PointerTyID};
+    assert(std::find(allowed_alloc_type.begin(), allowed_alloc_type.end(),
+                     ty->get_type_id()) != allowed_alloc_type.end() &&
+           "Not allowed type for alloca");
+}
+
+AllocaInst *AllocaInst::create_alloca(Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(ty, bb);
+}
+
+ZextInst::ZextInst(Value *val, Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb)
+    : BaseInst<ZextInst>(ty, zext, bb) {
+    assert(val->get_type()->is_integer_type() &&
+           "ZextInst operand is not integer");
+    assert(ty->is_integer_type() && "ZextInst destination type is not integer");
+    assert((static_cast<IntegerType *>(val->get_type())->get_num_bits() <
+            static_cast<IntegerType *>(ty)->get_num_bits()) &&
+           "ZextInst operand bit size is not smaller than destination type bit "
+           "size");
+    add_operand(val);
+}
+
+ZextInst *ZextInst::create_zext(Value *val, Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(val, ty, bb);
+}
+ZextInst *ZextInst::create_zext_to_i32(Value *val, BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(val, bb->get_module()->get_int32_type(), bb);
+}
+
+FpToSiInst::FpToSiInst(Value *val, Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb)
+    : BaseInst<FpToSiInst>(ty, fptosi, bb) {
+    assert(val->get_type()->is_float_type() &&
+           "FpToSiInst operand is not float");
+    assert(ty->is_integer_type() &&
+           "FpToSiInst destination type is not integer");
+    add_operand(val);
+}
+
+FpToSiInst *FpToSiInst::create_fptosi(Value *val, Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(val, ty, bb);
+}
+FpToSiInst *FpToSiInst::create_fptosi_to_i32(Value *val, BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(val, bb->get_module()->get_int32_type(), bb);
+}
+
+SiToFpInst::SiToFpInst(Value *val, Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb)
+    : BaseInst<SiToFpInst>(ty, sitofp, bb) {
+    assert(val->get_type()->is_integer_type() &&
+           "SiToFpInst operand is not integer");
+    assert(ty->is_float_type() && "SiToFpInst destination type is not float");
+    add_operand(val);
+}
+
+SiToFpInst *SiToFpInst::create_sitofp(Value *val, BasicBlock *bb) {
+    return create(val, bb->get_module()->get_float_type(), bb);
+}
+
+PhiInst::PhiInst(Type *ty, std::vector<Value *> vals,
+                 std::vector<BasicBlock *> val_bbs, BasicBlock *bb)
+    : BaseInst<PhiInst>(ty, phi) {
+    assert(vals.size() == val_bbs.size() && "Unmatched vals and bbs");
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < vals.size(); i++) {
+        assert(ty == vals[i]->get_type() && "Bad type for phi");
+        add_operand(vals[i]);
+        add_operand(val_bbs[i]);
+    }
+    this->set_parent(bb);
+}
+
+PhiInst *PhiInst::create_phi(Type *ty, BasicBlock *bb,
+                             std::vector<Value *> vals,
+                             std::vector<BasicBlock *> val_bbs) {
+    return create(ty, vals, val_bbs, bb);
+}

src/lightir/Module.cpp

+#include "Module.hpp"
+#include "Function.hpp"
+#include "GlobalVariable.hpp"
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+Module::Module() {
+    void_ty_ = std::make_unique<Type>(Type::VoidTyID, this);
+    label_ty_ = std::make_unique<Type>(Type::LabelTyID, this);
+    int1_ty_ = std::make_unique<IntegerType>(1, this);
+    int32_ty_ = std::make_unique<IntegerType>(32, this);
+    float32_ty_ = std::make_unique<FloatType>(this);
+}
+
+Type *Module::get_void_type() { return void_ty_.get(); }
+Type *Module::get_label_type() { return label_ty_.get(); }
+IntegerType *Module::get_int1_type() { return int1_ty_.get(); }
+IntegerType *Module::get_int32_type() { return int32_ty_.get(); }
+FloatType *Module::get_float_type() { return float32_ty_.get(); }
+PointerType *Module::get_int32_ptr_type() {
+    return get_pointer_type(int32_ty_.get());
+}
+PointerType *Module::get_float_ptr_type() {
+    return get_pointer_type(float32_ty_.get());
+}
+
+PointerType *Module::get_pointer_type(Type *contained) {
+    if (pointer_map_.find(contained) == pointer_map_.end()) {
+        pointer_map_[contained] = std::make_unique<PointerType>(contained);
+    }
+    return pointer_map_[contained].get();
+}
+
+ArrayType *Module::get_array_type(Type *contained, unsigned num_elements) {
+    if (array_map_.find({contained, num_elements}) == array_map_.end()) {
+        array_map_[{contained, num_elements}] =
+            std::make_unique<ArrayType>(contained, num_elements);
+    }
+    return array_map_[{contained, num_elements}].get();
+}
+
+FunctionType *Module::get_function_type(Type *retty,
+                                        std::vector<Type *> &args) {
+    if (not function_map_.count({retty, args})) {
+        function_map_[{retty, args}] =
+            std::make_unique<FunctionType>(retty, args);
+    }
+    return function_map_[{retty, args}].get();
+}
+
+void Module::add_function(Function *f) { function_list_.push_back(f); }
+llvm::ilist<Function> &Module::get_functions() { return function_list_; }
+void Module::add_global_variable(GlobalVariable *g) {
+    global_list_.push_back(g);
+}
+llvm::ilist<GlobalVariable> &Module::get_global_variable() {
+    return global_list_;
+}
+
+void Module::set_print_name() {
+    for (auto &func : this->get_functions()) {
+        func.set_instr_name();
+    }
+    return;
+}
+
+std::string Module::print() {
+    set_print_name();
+    std::string module_ir;
+    for (auto &global_val : this->global_list_) {
+        module_ir += global_val.print();
+        module_ir += "\n";
+    }
+    for (auto &func : this->function_list_) {
+        module_ir += func.print();
+        module_ir += "\n";
+    }
+    return module_ir;
+}

src/lightir/Type.cpp

+#include "Type.hpp"
+#include "Module.hpp"
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+Type::Type(TypeID tid, Module *m) {
+    tid_ = tid;
+    m_ = m;
+}
+
+bool Type::is_int1_type() const {
+    return is_integer_type() and
+           static_cast<const IntegerType *>(this)->get_num_bits() == 1;
+}
+bool Type::is_int32_type() const {
+    return is_integer_type() and
+           static_cast<const IntegerType *>(this)->get_num_bits() == 32;
+}
+
+Type *Type::get_pointer_element_type() const {
+    if (this->is_pointer_type())
+        return static_cast<const PointerType *>(this)->get_element_type();
+    assert(false and "get_pointer_element_type() called on non-pointer type");
+}
+
+Type *Type::get_array_element_type() const {
+    if (this->is_array_type())
+        return static_cast<const ArrayType *>(this)->get_element_type();
+    assert(false and "get_array_element_type() called on non-array type");
+}
+
+unsigned Type::get_size() const {
+    switch (get_type_id()) {
+    case IntegerTyID: {
+        if (is_int1_type())
+            return 1;
+        else if (is_int32_type())
+            return 4;
+        else
+            assert(false && "Type::get_size(): unexpected int type bits");
+    }
+    case ArrayTyID: {
+        auto array_type = static_cast<const ArrayType *>(this);
+        auto element_size = array_type->get_element_type()->get_size();
+        auto num_elements = array_type->get_num_of_elements();
+        return element_size * num_elements;
+    }
+    case PointerTyID:
+        return 8;
+    case FloatTyID:
+        return 4;
+    case VoidTyID:
+    case LabelTyID:
+    case FunctionTyID:
+        assert(false && "bad use on get_size()");
+    }
+    assert(false && "unreachable");
+}
+
+std::string Type::print() const {
+    std::string type_ir;
+    switch (this->get_type_id()) {
+    case VoidTyID:
+        type_ir += "void";
+        break;
+    case LabelTyID:
+        type_ir += "label";
+        break;
+    case IntegerTyID:
+        type_ir += "i";
+        type_ir += std::to_string(
+            static_cast<const IntegerType *>(this)->get_num_bits());
+        break;
+    case FunctionTyID:
+        type_ir +=
+            static_cast<const FunctionType *>(this)->get_return_type()->print();
+        type_ir += " (";
+        for (unsigned i = 0;
+             i < static_cast<const FunctionType *>(this)->get_num_of_args();
+             i++) {
+            if (i)
+                type_ir += ", ";
+            type_ir += static_cast<const FunctionType *>(this)
+                           ->get_param_type(i)
+                           ->print();
+        }
+        type_ir += ")";
+        break;
+    case PointerTyID:
+        type_ir += this->get_pointer_element_type()->print();
+        type_ir += "*";
+        break;
+    case ArrayTyID:
+        type_ir += "[";
+        type_ir += std::to_string(
+            static_cast<const ArrayType *>(this)->get_num_of_elements());
+        type_ir += " x ";
+        type_ir +=
+            static_cast<const ArrayType *>(this)->get_element_type()->print();
+        type_ir += "]";
+        break;
+    case FloatTyID:
+        type_ir += "float";
+        break;
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+    return type_ir;
+}
+
+IntegerType::IntegerType(unsigned num_bits, Module *m)
+    : Type(Type::IntegerTyID, m), num_bits_(num_bits) {}
+
+unsigned IntegerType::get_num_bits() const { return num_bits_; }
+
+FunctionType::FunctionType(Type *result, std::vector<Type *> params)
+    : Type(Type::FunctionTyID, nullptr) {
+    assert(is_valid_return_type(result) && "Invalid return type for function!");
+    result_ = result;
+
+    for (auto p : params) {
+        assert(is_valid_argument_type(p) &&
+               "Not a valid type for function argument!");
+        args_.push_back(p);
+    }
+}
+
+bool FunctionType::is_valid_return_type(Type *ty) {
+    return ty->is_integer_type() || ty->is_void_type() || ty->is_float_type();
+}
+
+bool FunctionType::is_valid_argument_type(Type *ty) {
+    return ty->is_integer_type() || ty->is_pointer_type() ||
+           ty->is_float_type();
+}
+
+FunctionType *FunctionType::get(Type *result, std::vector<Type *> params) {
+    return result->get_module()->get_function_type(result, params);
+}
+
+unsigned FunctionType::get_num_of_args() const { return args_.size(); }
+
+Type *FunctionType::get_param_type(unsigned i) const { return args_[i]; }
+
+Type *FunctionType::get_return_type() const { return result_; }
+
+ArrayType::ArrayType(Type *contained, unsigned num_elements)
+    : Type(Type::ArrayTyID, contained->get_module()),
+      num_elements_(num_elements) {
+    assert(is_valid_element_type(contained) &&
+           "Not a valid type for array element!");
+    contained_ = contained;
+}
+
+bool ArrayType::is_valid_element_type(Type *ty) {
+    return ty->is_integer_type() || ty->is_array_type() || ty->is_float_type();
+}
+
+ArrayType *ArrayType::get(Type *contained, unsigned num_elements) {
+    return contained->get_module()->get_array_type(contained, num_elements);
+}
+
+PointerType::PointerType(Type *contained)
+    : Type(Type::PointerTyID, contained->get_module()), contained_(contained) {
+    static const std::array allowed_elem_type = {
+        Type::IntegerTyID, Type::FloatTyID, Type::ArrayTyID, Type::PointerTyID};
+    auto elem_type_id = contained->get_type_id();
+    assert(std::find(allowed_elem_type.begin(), allowed_elem_type.end(),
+                     elem_type_id) != allowed_elem_type.end() &&
+           "Not allowed type for pointer");
+}
+
+PointerType *PointerType::get(Type *contained) {
+    return contained->get_module()->get_pointer_type(contained);
+}
+
+FloatType::FloatType(Module *m) : Type(Type::FloatTyID, m) {}
+
+FloatType *FloatType::get(Module *m) { return m->get_float_type(); }

src/lightir/User.cpp

+#include "User.hpp"
+
+#include <cassert>
+
+void User::set_operand(unsigned i, Value *v) {
+    assert(i < operands_.size() && "set_operand out of index");
+    if (operands_[i]) { // old operand
+        operands_[i]->remove_use(this, i);
+    }
+    if (v) { // new operand
+        v->add_use(this, i);
+    }
+    operands_[i] = v;
+}
+
+void User::add_operand(Value *v) {
+    assert(v != nullptr && "bad use: add_operand(nullptr)");
+    v->add_use(this, operands_.size());
+    operands_.push_back(v);
+}
+
+void User::remove_all_operands() {
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i != operands_.size(); ++i) {
+        if (operands_[i]) {
+            operands_[i]->remove_use(this, i);
+        }
+    }
+    operands_.clear();
+}
+
+void User::remove_operand(unsigned idx) {
+    assert(idx < operands_.size() && "remove_operand out of index");
+    // influence on other operands
+    for (unsigned i = idx + 1; i < operands_.size(); ++i) {
+        operands_[i]->remove_use(this, i);
+        operands_[i]->add_use(this, i - 1);
+    }
+    // remove the designated operand
+    operands_[idx]->remove_use(this, idx);
+    operands_.erase(operands_.begin() + idx);
+}

src/lightir/Value.cpp

+#include "Value.hpp"
+#include "Type.hpp"
+#include "User.hpp"
+
+#include <cassert>
+
+bool Value::set_name(std::string name) {
+    if (name_ == "") {
+        name_ = name;
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+void Value::add_use(User *user, unsigned arg_no) {
+    use_list_.emplace_back(user, arg_no);
+};
+
+void Value::remove_use(User *user, unsigned arg_no) {
+    auto target_use = Use(user, arg_no);
+    use_list_.remove_if([&](const Use &use) { return use == target_use; });
+}
+
+void Value::replace_all_use_with(Value *new_val) {
+    if (this == new_val)
+        return;
+    while (use_list_.size()) {
+        auto use = use_list_.begin();
+        use->val_->set_operand(use->arg_no_, new_val);
+    }
+}
+
+void Value::replace_use_with_if(Value *new_val,
+                                std::function<bool(Use *)> should_replace) {
+    if (this == new_val)
+        return;
+    for (auto iter = use_list_.begin(); iter != use_list_.end();) {
+        auto use = *iter++;
+        if (not should_replace(&use))
+            continue;
+        use.val_->set_operand(use.arg_no_, new_val);
+    }
+}

src/parser/lexer.c

-#include<stdio.h>
-#include<stdlib.h>
-#include<string.h>
-#include<syntax_analyzer.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <syntax_analyzer.h>
 
 ///
 extern int lines;
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv) {
     }
 
     int token;
-     printf("%5s\t%10s\t%s\t%s\n", "Token", "Text", "Line", "Column (Start,End)");
+    printf("%5s\t%10s\t%s\t%s\n", "Token", "Text", "Line",
+           "Column (Start,End)");
     while ((token = yylex())) {
-          printf("%-5d\t%10s\t%d\t(%d,%d)\n",
-                 token, yytext,
-                 lines, pos_start, pos_end);
+        printf("%-5d\t%10s\t%d\t(%d,%d)\n", token, yytext, lines, pos_start,
+               pos_end);
     }
     return 0;
 }

src/parser/parser.c

 #include "syntax_tree.h"
-extern syntax_tree *parse(const char*);
+extern syntax_tree *parse(const char *);
 
-int main(int argc, char *argv[])
-{
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
     syntax_tree *tree = NULL;
     const char *input = NULL;
 
     if (argc == 2) {
         input = argv[1];
-    } else if(argc >= 3) {
+    } else if (argc >= 3) {
         printf("usage: %s <cminus_file>\n", argv[0]);
         return 1;
     }

tests/1-parser/eval_phase2.sh

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ function run_tests() {
         echo "[info] Analyzing $filename"
         
         # 生成学生的 AST 文件
-        "$BUILD_DIR"/cminusfc "$testcase" > "$OUTPUT_DIR/${filename%.cminus}.ast"
+        "$BUILD_DIR"/cminusfc -emit-ast "$testcase" > "$OUTPUT_DIR/${filename%.cminus}.ast"
         
         # 比较当前文件的输出与标准输出
         if [[ ${2:-no} != "no" ]]; then

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/.gitignore

+eval_result

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_1/input.in

+4

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_1/output_float.out

+123.400002

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_1/output_int.out

+1234

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_2/num_add_float.out

+123

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_2/num_add_int.out

+1234

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_2/num_add_mixed.out

+1023

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_2/num_comp1.out

+-44.720001

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_2/num_comp2.out

+1
+1
+0
+0

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_2/num_div_float.out

+12

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_2/num_div_int.out

+1234

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_2/num_div_mixed.out

+12

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_2/num_eq_float.out

+0
+1
+0

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_2/num_eq_int.out

+0
+1
+0

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_2/num_eq_mixed.out

+0
+1
+0

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_2/num_ge_float.out

+0
+1
+1

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_2/num_ge_int.out

+0
+1
+1

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_2/num_ge_mixed.out

+0
+1
+1

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_2/num_gt_float.out

+0
+0
+1

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_2/num_gt_int.out

+0
+0
+1

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_2/num_gt_mixed.out

+0
+0
+1

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_2/num_le_float.out

+1
+1
+0

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_2/num_le_int.out

+1
+1
+0

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_2/num_le_mixed.out

+1
+1
+0

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_2/num_lt_float.out

+1
+0
+0

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_2/num_lt_int.out

+1
+0
+0

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_2/num_lt_mixed.out

+1
+0
+0

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_2/num_mul_float.out

+123

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_2/num_mul_int.out

+1234

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_2/num_mul_mixed.out

+123

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_2/num_neq_float.out

+1
+0
+1

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_2/num_neq_int.out

+1
+0
+1

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_2/num_neq_mixed.out

+1
+0
+1

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_2/num_sub_float.out

+192

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_2/num_sub_int.out

+1234

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv0_2/num_sub_mixed.out

+1923

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv1/assign_cmp.out

+1
+0
+0

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv1/assign_float_array_global.out

+1234.000000

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv1/assign_float_array_local.out

+1234.000000

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv1/assign_float_var_global.out

+1234.000000

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv1/assign_float_var_local.out

+1234.000000

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv1/assign_int_array_global.out

+1234

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv1/assign_int_array_local.out

+1234

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv1/assign_int_var_global.out

+1234

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv1/assign_int_var_local.out

+1234

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv1/idx_float.out

+1024

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv1/innout.in

+9

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv1/innout.out

+9

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv1/iteration1.out

+10
+9
+8
+7
+6
+5
+4
+3
+2
+1

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv1/iteration2.out

+10
+9
+8
+7
+6
+5
+4
+3
+2
+1

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv1/negidx_float.out

+negative index exception

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv1/negidx_floatfuncall.out

+negative index exception

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv1/negidx_int.out

+negative index exception

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv1/negidx_intfuncall.out

+negative index exception

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv1/negidx_voidfuncall.out

+negative index exception

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv1/scope.out

+3
+11
+3

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv1/selection1.out

+42
+24

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv1/selection2.out

+42
+24

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv1/selection3.out

+42
+24
+1234

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv1/transfer_float_to_int.out

+1

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv1/transfer_int_to_float.out

+1.000000

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv2/assign_chain.out

+3
+3
+3

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv2/funcall_array.out

+10

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv2/funcall_array_array.out

+1024
+1024

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv2/funcall_chain.out

+1234

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv2/funcall_float_array.out

+3

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv2/funcall_int_array.out

+10

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv2/funcall_type_mismatch1.out

+10

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv2/funcall_type_mismatch2.out

+4.000000

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv2/funcall_var.out

+10

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv2/return_in_middle1.out

+0

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv2/return_in_middle2.out

+0

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv2/return_type_mismatch1.out

+233

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv2/return_type_mismatch2.out

+7.000000

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv3/complex1.out

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+5
+9
+5
+9
+1
+9
+5
+3
+0
+9
+2
+1
+8
+6
+1
+1
+7
+3
+8
+1
+9
+3
+2
+6
+1
+1
+7
+9
+3
+1
+0
+5
+1
+1
+8
+5
+4
+8
+0
+7
+4
+4
+6
+2
+3
+7
+9
+9
+6
+2
+7
+4
+9
+5
+6
+7
+3
+5
+1
+8
+8
+5
+7
+5
+2
+7
+2
+4
+8
+9
+1
+2
+2
+7
+9
+3
+8
+1
+8
+3
+0
+1
+1
+9
+4
+9
+1
+2
+9
+8
+3
+3
+6
+7
+3
+3
+6
+2
+4
+4
+0
+6
+5
+6
+6
+4
+3
+0
+8
+6
+0
+2
+1
+3
+9
+4
+9
+4
+6
+3
+9
+5
+2
+2
+4
+7
+3
+7
+1
+9
+0
+7
+0
+2
+1
+7
+9
+8
+6
+0
+9
+4
+3
+7
+0
+2
+7
+7
+0
+5
+3
+9
+2
+1
+7
+1
+7
+6
+2
+9
+3
+1
+7
+6
+7
+5
+2
+3
+8
+4
+6
+7
+4
+8
+1
+8
+4
+6
+7
+6
+6
+9
+4
+0
+5
+1
+3
+2
+0
+0
+0
+5
+6
+8
+1
+2
+7
+1
+4
+5
+2
+6
+3
+5
+6
+0
+8
+2
+7
+7
+8
+5
+7
+7
+1
+3
+4
+2
+7
+5
+7
+7
+8
+9
+6
+0
+9
+1
+7
+3
+6
+3
+7
+1
+7
+8
+7
+2
+1
+4
+6
+8
+4
+4
+0
+9
+0
+1
+2
+2
+4
+9
+5
+3
+4
+3
+0
+1
+4
+6
+5
+4
+9
+5
+8
+5
+3
+7
+1
+0
+5
+0
+7
+9
+2
+2
+7
+9
+6
+8
+9
+2
+5
+8
+9
+2
+3
+5
+4
+2
+0
+1
+9
+9
+5
+6
+1
+1
+2
+1
+2
+9
+0
+2
+1
+9
+6
+0
+8
+6
+4
+0
+3
+4
+4
+1
+8
+1
+5
+9
+8
+1
+3
+6
+2
+9
+7
+7
+4
+7
+7
+1
+3
+0
+9
+9
+6
+0
+5
+1
+8
+7
+0
+7
+2
+1
+1
+3
+4
+9
+9
+9
+9
+9
+9
+8
+3
+7
+2
+9
+7
+8
+0
+4
+9
+9
+5
+1
+0
+5
+9
+7
+3
+1
+7
+3
+2
+8
+1
+6
+0
+9
+6
+3
+1
+8
+5

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv3/complex2.in

+9
+8
+7
+6
+5
+4
+3
+2
+1
+0

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv3/complex2.out

+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv3/complex3.in

+78
+117

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv3/complex3.out

+39

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/answers/lv3/complex4.out

+1.000000
+-0.200000
+0.400000

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/eval_lab2.py

+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+import subprocess
+# 17
+lv0_1 = {
+    "return": (3, False),
+    "decl_int": (2, False),
+    "decl_float": (2, False),
+    "decl_int_array": (2, False),
+    "decl_float_array": (2, False),
+    "input": (2, True),
+    "output_float": (2, False),
+    "output_int": (2, False),
+}
+
+# 18
+lv0_2 = {
+    "num_add_int": (0.5, False),
+    "num_sub_int": (0.5, False),
+    "num_mul_int": (0.5, False),
+    "num_div_int": (0.5, False),
+    "num_add_float": (0.5, False),
+    "num_sub_float": (0.5, False),
+    "num_mul_float": (0.5, False),
+    "num_div_float": (0.5, False),
+    "num_add_mixed": (0.5, False),
+    "num_sub_mixed": (0.5, False),
+    "num_mul_mixed": (0.5, False),
+    "num_div_mixed": (0.5, False),
+    "num_comp1": (1.5, False),
+    "num_le_int": (0.5, False),
+    "num_lt_int": (0.5, False),
+    "num_ge_int": (0.5, False),
+    "num_gt_int": (0.5, False),
+    "num_eq_int": (0.5, False),
+    "num_neq_int": (0.5, False),
+    "num_le_float": (0.5, False),
+    "num_lt_float": (0.5, False),
+    "num_ge_float": (0.5, False),
+    "num_gt_float": (0.5, False),
+    "num_eq_float": (0.5, False),
+    "num_neq_float": (0.5, False),
+    "num_le_mixed": (0.5, False),
+    "num_lt_mixed": (0.5, False),
+    "num_ge_mixed": (0.5, False),
+    "num_gt_mixed": (0.5, False),
+    "num_eq_mixed": (0.5, False),
+    "num_neq_mixed": (0.5, False),
+    "num_comp2": (1.5, False),
+}
+
+# 31
+lv1 = {
+    "assign_int_var_local": (1, False),
+    "assign_int_array_local": (2, False),
+    "assign_int_var_global": (1, False),
+    "assign_int_array_global": (2, False),
+    "assign_float_var_local": (1, False),
+    "assign_float_array_local": (2, False),
+    "assign_float_var_global": (1, False),
+    "assign_float_array_global": (2, False),
+    "assign_cmp": (1, False),
+    "innout": (1, True),
+    "idx_float": (1, False),
+    "negidx_int": (1, False),
+    "negidx_float": (1, False),
+    "negidx_intfuncall": (1, False),
+    "negidx_floatfuncall": (1, False),
+    "negidx_voidfuncall": (1, False),
+    "selection1": (1.5, False),
+    "selection2": (1.5, False),
+    "selection3": (1.5, False),
+    "iteration1": (1.5, False),
+    "iteration2": (1.5, False),
+    "scope": (1.5, False),
+    "transfer_float_to_int": (1, False),
+    "transfer_int_to_float": (1, False),
+}
+
+# 23
+lv2 = {
+    "funcall_chain": (2, False),
+    "assign_chain": (2, False),
+    "funcall_var": (2, False),
+    "funcall_int_array": (2, False),
+    "funcall_float_array": (2, False),
+    "funcall_array_array": (2, False),
+    "return_in_middle1": (2, False),
+    "return_in_middle2": (2, False),
+    "funcall_type_mismatch1": (2, False),
+    "funcall_type_mismatch2": (2, False),
+    "return_type_mismatch1": (1.5, False),
+    "return_type_mismatch2": (1.5, False),
+}
+
+# 11
+lv3 = {
+    "complex1": (3, False),
+    "complex2": (3, True),
+    "complex3": (2, True),
+    "complex4": (3, False),
+}
+
+suite = [
+    ("lv0_1", lv0_1, 0),
+    ("lv0_2", lv0_2, 0),
+    ("lv1", lv1, 0),
+    ("lv2", lv2, 0),
+    ("lv3", lv3, 0)
+]
+
+
+def eval():
+    f = open("eval_result", 'w')
+    EXE_PATH = "../../../build/cminusfc"
+    TEST_BASE_PATH = "./testcases/"
+    ANSWER_BASE_PATH = "./answers/"
+    total_points = 0
+    for level in suite:
+        lv_points = 0
+        has_bonus = True
+        level_name = level[0]
+        bonus = level[2]
+        cases = level[1]
+        f.write('===========%s START========\n' % level_name)
+        for case in cases:
+            f.write('%s:' % case)
+            TEST_PATH = TEST_BASE_PATH + level_name + "/" + case
+            ANSWER_PATH = ANSWER_BASE_PATH + level_name + "/" + case
+            score = cases[case][0]
+            need_input = cases[case][1]
+
+            COMMAND = [TEST_PATH]
+
+            try:
+                result = subprocess.run([EXE_PATH, "-o", TEST_PATH + ".ll", "-emit-llvm",
+                                        TEST_PATH + ".cminus"], stderr=subprocess.PIPE, timeout=1)
+            except Exception as _:
+                f.write('\tFail\n')
+                continue
+
+            if result.returncode == 0:
+                subprocess.run(["clang", "-O0", "-w", "-no-pie", TEST_PATH +
+                               ".ll", "-o", TEST_PATH, "-L", "../../../build", "-lcminus_io"])
+                input_option = None
+                if need_input:
+                    with open(ANSWER_PATH + ".in", "rb") as fin:
+                        input_option = fin.read()
+
+                try:
+                    result = subprocess.run(
+                        COMMAND, input=input_option, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, timeout=1)
+                    with open(ANSWER_PATH + ".out", "rb") as fout:
+                        if result.stdout == fout.read():
+                            f.write('\tSuccess\n')
+                            lv_points += score
+                        else:
+                            f.write('\tFail\n')
+                            has_bonus = False
+                except Exception as _:
+                    f.write('\tFail\n')
+                    has_bonus = False
+                finally:
+                    subprocess.call(
+                        ["rm", "-rf", TEST_PATH, TEST_PATH + ".o", TEST_PATH + ".ll"])
+
+            else:
+                f.write('\tFail\n')
+                has_bonus = False
+
+        if has_bonus:
+            lv_points += bonus
+
+        total_points += lv_points
+        f.write('points of %s is: %d\n' % (level_name, lv_points))
+        f.write('===========%s END========\n\n' % level_name)
+    f.write('total points: %d\n' % total_points)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    eval()

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/eval_lab2.sh

+#!/bin/bash
+
+python3 eval_lab2.py

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_1/decl_float.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    float a;
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_1/decl_float_array.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    float a[10];
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_1/decl_int.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    int a;
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_1/decl_int_array.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    int a[10];
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_1/input.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    input();
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_1/output_float.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    outputFloat(123.4);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_1/output_int.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    output(1234);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_1/return.cminus

+void main(void) { return; }

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_2/num_add_float.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    output(100.0 + 23.4);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_2/num_add_int.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    output(1000 + 234);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_2/num_add_mixed.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    output(1000 + 23.4);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_2/num_comp1.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    outputFloat(9 + 1.2 / (2 * 2 + 5 - 6) * 3.2 - 55);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_2/num_comp2.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    output((1 > 2.) < 3);
+    output((1 > 2) < ((3 == 4) >= 0));
+    output(((3 == 4.) >= 0) <= (4 != 4));
+    output(((1 > 2) < ((3 == 4) >= 0)) <= (4. != 4));
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_2/num_div_float.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    output(24.68 / 2.);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_2/num_div_int.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    output(2468 / 2);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_2/num_div_mixed.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    output(24.68 / 2);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_2/num_eq_float.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    output(1. == 2.);
+    output(2. == 2.);
+    output(3. == 2.);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_2/num_eq_int.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    output(1 == 2);
+    output(2 == 2);
+    output(3 == 2);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_2/num_eq_mixed.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    output(1. == 2);
+    output(2. == 2);
+    output(3 == 2.);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_2/num_ge_float.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    output(1. >= 2.);
+    output(2. >= 2.);
+    output(3. >= 2.);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_2/num_ge_int.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    output(1 >= 2);
+    output(2 >= 2);
+    output(3 >= 2);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_2/num_ge_mixed.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    output(1. >= 2);
+    output(2. >= 2);
+    output(3 >= 2.);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_2/num_gt_float.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    output(1. > 2.);
+    output(2. > 2.);
+    output(3. > 2.);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_2/num_gt_int.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    output(1 > 2);
+    output(2 > 2);
+    output(3 > 2);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_2/num_gt_mixed.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    output(1. > 2);
+    output(2. > 2);
+    output(3 > 2.);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_2/num_le_float.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    output(1. <= 2.);
+    output(2. <= 2.);
+    output(3. <= 2.);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_2/num_le_int.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    output(1 <= 2);
+    output(2 <= 2);
+    output(3 <= 2);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_2/num_le_mixed.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    output(1. <= 2);
+    output(2. <= 2);
+    output(3 <= 2.);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_2/num_lt_float.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    output(1. < 2.);
+    output(2. < 2.);
+    output(3. < 2.);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_2/num_lt_int.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    output(1 < 2);
+    output(2 < 2);
+    output(3 < 2);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_2/num_lt_mixed.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    output(1. < 2);
+    output(2 < 2.);
+    output(3. < 2);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_2/num_mul_float.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    output(2. * 61.7);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_2/num_mul_int.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    output(2 * 617);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_2/num_mul_mixed.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    output(2 * 61.7);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_2/num_neq_float.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    output(1. != 2.);
+    output(2. != 2.);
+    output(3. != 2.);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_2/num_neq_int.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    output(1 != 2);
+    output(2 != 2);
+    output(3 != 2);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_2/num_neq_mixed.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    output(1. != 2);
+    output(2 != 2.);
+    output(3 != 2.);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_2/num_sub_float.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    output(200.0 - 7.66);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_2/num_sub_int.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    output(2000 - 766);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv0_2/num_sub_mixed.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    output(2000 - 76.6);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv1/assign_cmp.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    int a;
+    int b;
+    int c;
+    a = 1 < 3;
+    b = 2 == 4;
+    c = 3 > 5;
+    output(a);
+    output(b);
+    output(c);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv1/assign_float_array_global.cminus

+float b[10];
+void main(void) {
+    b[3] = 1234.0;
+    outputFloat(b[3]);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv1/assign_float_array_local.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    float b[10];
+    b[3] = 1234.0;
+    outputFloat(b[3]);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv1/assign_float_var_global.cminus

+float b;
+void main(void) {
+    b = 1234.0;
+    outputFloat(b);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv1/assign_float_var_local.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    float b;
+    b = 1234.0;
+    outputFloat(b);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv1/assign_int_array_global.cminus

+int a[10];
+void main(void) {
+    a[3] = 1234;
+    output(a[3]);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv1/assign_int_array_local.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    int a[10];
+    a[3] = 1234;
+    output(a[3]);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv1/assign_int_var_global.cminus

+int a;
+void main(void) {
+    a = 1234;
+    output(a);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv1/assign_int_var_local.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    int a;
+    a = 1234;
+    output(a);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv1/idx_float.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    int a[10];
+    a[0] = 1024;
+    output(a[0.1]);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv1/innout.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    int a;
+    a = input();
+    output(a);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv1/iteration1.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    int i;
+    i = 10;
+    while (i) {
+        output(i);
+        i = i - 1;
+    }
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv1/iteration2.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    int i;
+    i = 10;
+    while (i > 0) {
+        output(i);
+        i = i - 1;
+    }
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv1/negidx_float.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    int a[10];
+    a[2. - 3];
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv1/negidx_floatfuncall.cminus

+float test(void) {
+    int a[10];
+    a[2 - 3];
+    return 2.;
+}
+void main(void) {
+    test();
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv1/negidx_int.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    int a[10];
+    a[2 - 3];
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv1/negidx_intfuncall.cminus

+int test(void) {
+    int a[10];
+    a[2 - 3];
+    return 2;
+}
+void main(void) {
+    test();
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv1/negidx_voidfuncall.cminus

+void test(void) {
+    int a[10];
+    a[2 - 3];
+    return;
+}
+void main(void) {
+    test();
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv1/scope.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    int a;
+    a = 3;
+    output(a);
+    {
+        int a;
+        a = 11;
+        output(a);
+    }
+    output(a);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv1/selection1.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    int a;
+    a = 2;
+    if (a)
+        output(42);
+    output(24);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv1/selection2.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    if (2 > 1)
+        output(42);
+    output(24);
+    if (1 > 2) {
+        output(1234);
+    }
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv1/selection3.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    if (2 > 1) {
+        output(42);
+    } else
+        output(1234);
+
+    output(24);
+
+    if (2 < 1)
+        output(42);
+    else {
+        output(1234);
+    }
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv1/transfer_float_to_int.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    int a;
+    a = 1.0;
+    output(a);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv1/transfer_int_to_float.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    float a;
+    a = 1;
+    outputFloat(a);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv2/assign_chain.cminus

+void main(void) {
+    int a;
+    int b;
+    int c;
+    a = b = c = 3;
+    output(a);
+    output(b);
+    output(c);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv2/funcall_array_array.cminus

+void g(int b[]) {
+    output(b[3]);
+    return;
+}
+
+void f(int c[]) {
+    output(c[3]);
+    g(c);
+    return;
+}
+
+void main(void) {
+    int a[10];
+    a[3] = 1024;
+    f(a);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv2/funcall_chain.cminus

+int addone(int a) { return a + 1; }
+void main(void) {
+    int result;
+    result = addone(addone(addone(addone(1230))));
+    output(result);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv2/funcall_float_array.cminus

+void test(float a[]) {
+    output(a[3]);
+    return;
+}
+
+void main(void) {
+    float a[10];
+    a[3] = 3.14;
+    test(a);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv2/funcall_int_array.cminus

+void test(int a[]) {
+    output(a[3]);
+    return;
+}
+
+void main(void) {
+    int a[10];
+    a[3] = 10;
+    test(a);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv2/funcall_type_mismatch1.cminus

+void f(int a) {
+    output(a);
+    return;
+}
+
+void main(void) {
+    float a;
+    a = 10;
+    f(a);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv2/funcall_type_mismatch2.cminus

+void f(float a) {
+    outputFloat(a);
+    return;
+}
+
+void main(void) {
+    int a;
+    a = 4.5;
+    f(a);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv2/funcall_var.cminus

+void test(int a) {
+    output(a);
+    return;
+}
+
+void main(void) {
+    int a;
+    a = 10;
+    test(a);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv2/return_in_middle1.cminus

+int result(void) {
+    int i;
+    if (1) {
+        i = 1;
+        return 0;
+    } else {
+        i = 2;
+    }
+    output(3);
+    return 3;
+}
+
+void main(void) {
+    output(result());
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv2/return_in_middle2.cminus

+int result(void) {
+    int i;
+    i = 10;
+    while (i > 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    output(4);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+void main(void) {
+    output(result());
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv2/return_type_mismatch1.cminus

+int f(void) { return 233.3; }
+
+void main(void) {
+    output(f());
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv2/return_type_mismatch2.cminus

+float f(void) { return 7; }
+
+void main(void) {
+    outputFloat(f());
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv3/complex1.cminus

+/*
+     This code is adapted from Dik T. Winter at CWI
+     It computes pi to 800 decimal digits
+ */
+
+int mod(int a, int b) { return a - a / b * b; }
+
+void printfour(int input) {
+    int a;
+    int b;
+    int c;
+    int d;
+    input = mod(input, 10000);
+    d = mod(input, 10);
+    input = input / 10;
+    c = mod(input, 10);
+    input = input / 10;
+    b = mod(input, 10);
+    input = input / 10;
+    a = input;
+    output(a);
+    output(b);
+    output(c);
+    output(d);
+    return;
+}
+
+void main(void) {
+    int r[2801];
+    int i;
+    int k;
+    int b;
+    int d;
+    int c;
+    c = 0;
+    d = 1234;
+
+    {
+        int mod;
+        mod = 0;
+        while (mod < 2800) {
+            r[mod] = 2000;
+            mod = mod + 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    k = 2800;
+    while (k) {
+        int d;
+        d = 0;
+        i = k;
+
+        while (i != 0) {
+            d = d + r[i] * 10000;
+            b = 2 * i - 1;
+            r[i] = mod(d, b);
+            d = d / b;
+            i = i - 1;
+            if (i != 0) {
+                d = d * i;
+            }
+        }
+
+        printfour(c + d / 10000);
+        c = mod(d, 10000);
+
+        k = k - 14;
+    }
+
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv3/complex2.cminus

+/* this is the sample program in C- in the book "Compiler Construction" */
+/* A program to perform selection sort on a 10 element array. */
+float x[10];
+int minloc(float a[], float low, int high) {
+    int i;
+    int x;
+    int k;
+    k = low;
+    x = a[low];
+    i = low + 1;
+    while (i < high) {
+        if (a[i] < x) {
+            x = a[i];
+            k = i;
+        }
+        i = i + 1;
+    }
+    return k;
+}
+
+void sort(float a[], int low, float high) {
+    int i;
+    int k;
+    i = low;
+    while (i < high - 1) {
+        int t;
+        k = minloc(a, i, high);
+        t = a[k];
+        a[k] = a[i];
+        a[i] = t;
+        i = i + 1;
+    }
+    return;
+}
+
+void main(void) {
+    int i;
+    i = 0;
+    while (i < 10) {
+        x[i] = input();
+        i = i + 1;
+    }
+    sort(x, 0, 10);
+    i = 0;
+    while (i < 10) {
+        output(x[i]);
+        i = i + 1;
+    }
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv3/complex3.cminus

+int gcd(int u, int v) {
+    if (v == 0)
+        return u;
+    else
+        return gcd(v, u - u / v * v);
+}
+
+void main(void) {
+    int x;
+    int y;
+    int temp;
+    x = input();
+    y = input();
+    if (x < y) {
+        temp = x;
+        x = y;
+        y = temp;
+    }
+    temp = gcd(x, y);
+    output(temp);
+    return;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/autogen/testcases/lv3/complex4.cminus

+float get(float a[], int x, int y, int row) { return a[x * row + y]; }
+
+float abs(float x) {
+    if (x > 0)
+        return x;
+    else
+        return 0 - x;
+}
+
+float isZero(float t) { return abs(t) < 0.000001; }
+
+int gauss(float vars[], float equ[], int var) {
+    int i;
+    int j;
+    int k;
+    int varone;
+    int maxr;
+    int col;
+    float temp;
+    varone = var + 1;
+
+    i = 0;
+    while (i < var) {
+        vars[i] = 0;
+        i = i + 1;
+    }
+
+    col = 0;
+    k = 0;
+    while (k < var) {
+        maxr = k;
+        i = k + 1;
+        while (i < var) {
+            if (abs(get(equ, i, col, varone)) > abs(get(equ, maxr, col, varone)))
+                maxr = i;
+            i = i + 1;
+        }
+        if (maxr != k) {
+            j = k;
+
+            while (j < varone) {
+                temp = get(equ, k, j, varone);
+                equ[k * varone + j] = get(equ, maxr, j, varone);
+                equ[maxr * varone + j] = temp;
+                j = j + 1;
+            }
+        }
+        if (isZero(get(equ, k, col, varone))) {
+            k = k - 1;
+        } else {
+            i = k + 1;
+            while (i < var) {
+                if (1 - isZero(get(equ, i, col, varone))) {
+                    temp = get(equ, i, col, varone) / get(equ, k, col, varone);
+                    j = col;
+                    while (j < varone) {
+                        equ[i * varone + j] = equ[i * varone + j] - get(equ, k, j, varone) * temp;
+                        j = j + 1;
+                    }
+                }
+                i = i + 1;
+            }
+        }
+        k = k + 1;
+        col = col + 1;
+    }
+
+    i = var - 1;
+    while (i >= 0) {
+        temp = get(equ, i, var, varone);
+        j = i + 1;
+        while (j < var) {
+            if (1 - isZero(get(equ, i, j, varone)))
+                temp = temp - get(equ, i, j, varone) * vars[j];
+            j = j + 1;
+        }
+        vars[i] = temp / get(equ, i, i, varone);
+        i = i - 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void main(void) {
+    int num;
+    float vars[3];
+    float equ[12];
+    equ[0] = 1;
+    equ[1] = 2;
+    equ[2] = 1;
+    equ[3] = 1;
+    equ[1 * 4 + 0] = 2;
+    equ[1 * 4 + 1] = 3;
+    equ[1 * 4 + 2] = 4;
+    equ[1 * 4 + 3] = 3;
+    equ[2 * 4 + 0] = 1;
+    equ[2 * 4 + 1] = 1;
+    equ[2 * 4 + 2] = 0 - 2;
+    equ[2 * 4 + 3] = 0;
+    gauss(vars, equ, 3);
+    num = 0;
+    while (num < 3) {
+        outputFloat(vars[num]);
+        num = num + 1;
+    }
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/warmup/CMakeLists.txt

+add_subdirectory(calculator)
+add_executable(
+    gcd_array_generator
+    ta_gcd/gcd_array_generator.cpp
+)
+target_link_libraries(
+    gcd_array_generator
+    IR_lib
+)
+
+add_executable(
+    stu_assign_generator
+    stu_cpp/assign_generator.cpp
+)
+target_link_libraries(
+    stu_assign_generator
+    IR_lib
+)
+
+add_executable(
+    stu_fun_generator
+    stu_cpp/fun_generator.cpp
+)
+target_link_libraries(
+    stu_fun_generator
+    IR_lib
+)
+
+add_executable(
+    stu_if_generator
+    stu_cpp/if_generator.cpp
+)
+target_link_libraries(
+    stu_if_generator
+    IR_lib
+)
+
+add_executable(
+    stu_while_generator
+    stu_cpp/while_generator.cpp
+)
+target_link_libraries(
+    stu_while_generator
+    IR_lib
+)

tests/2-ir-gen/warmup/c_cases/assign.c

+int main() {
+    int a[10];
+    a[0] = 10;
+    a[1] = a[0] * 2;
+    return a[1];
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/warmup/c_cases/fun.c

+int callee(int a) { return 2 * a; }
+int main() { return callee(110); }

tests/2-ir-gen/warmup/c_cases/if.c

+int main() {
+    float a = 5.555;
+    if (a > 1)
+        return 233;
+    return 0;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/warmup/c_cases/while.c

+int main() {
+    int a;
+    int i;
+    a = 10;
+    i = 0;
+    while (i < 10) {
+        i = i + 1;
+        a = a + i;
+    }
+    return a;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/warmup/calculator/CMakeLists.txt

+flex_target(calc_lex calculator.l ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/calc_lex.c)
+bison_target(calc_syntax calculator.y
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/calc_syntax.c
+  DEFINES_FILE ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/calculator.h)
+add_flex_bison_dependency(calc_lex calc_syntax)
+add_library(calc_syntax STATIC
+  ${BISON_calc_syntax_OUTPUTS}
+  ${FLEX_calc_lex_OUTPUTS}
+)
+
+add_executable(
+    calc
+    calc.cpp
+    calc_ast.cpp
+    calc_builder.cpp
+)
+target_link_libraries(
+    calc
+    IR_lib
+    calc_syntax
+    common
+)
+
+install(
+    TARGETS calc
+    RUNTIME DESTINATION bin
+)
\ No newline at end of file

tests/2-ir-gen/warmup/calculator/calc.cpp

+extern "C" {
+#include "syntax_tree.h"
+extern syntax_tree *parse(const char *);
+}
+#include "calc_ast.hpp"
+#include "calc_builder.hpp"
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <fstream>
+using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+    syntax_tree *tree = NULL;
+    const char *input = NULL;
+
+    if (argc >= 3) {
+        printf("usage: %s\n", argv[0]);
+        printf("usage: %s <cminus_file>\n", argv[0]);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (argc == 2) {
+        input = argv[1];
+    } else {
+        printf("Input an arithmatic expression (press Ctrl+D in a new line after you finish the expression):\n");
+    }
+
+    tree = parse(input);
+    CalcAST ast(tree);
+    CalcBuilder builder;
+    auto module = builder.build(ast);
+    auto IR = module->print();
+
+    std::ofstream output_stream;
+    auto output_file = "result.ll";
+    output_stream.open(output_file, std::ios::out);
+    output_stream << "; ModuleID = 'calculator'\n";
+    output_stream << IR;
+    output_stream.close();
+    auto command_string = "clang -O0 -w "s + "result.ll -o result -L. -lcminus_io";
+    auto ret = std::system(command_string.c_str());
+    if (ret) {
+        printf("something went wrong!\n");
+    } else {
+        printf("result and result.ll have been generated.\n");
+    }
+    return ret;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/warmup/calculator/calc_ast.cpp

+#include "calc_ast.hpp"
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <stack>
+#define _AST_NODE_ERROR_                                                       \
+    std::cerr << "Abort due to node cast error."                               \
+                 "Contact with TAs to solve your problem."                     \
+              << std::endl;                                                    \
+    std::abort();
+#define _STR_EQ(a, b) (strcmp((a), (b)) == 0)
+
+void CalcAST::run_visitor(CalcASTVisitor &visitor) { root->accept(visitor); }
+
+CalcAST::CalcAST(syntax_tree *s) {
+    if (s == nullptr) {
+        std::cerr << "empty input tree!" << std::endl;
+        std::abort();
+    }
+    auto node = transform_node_iter(s->root);
+    del_syntax_tree(s);
+    root = std::shared_ptr<CalcASTInput>(static_cast<CalcASTInput *>(node));
+}
+
+CalcASTNode *CalcAST::transform_node_iter(syntax_tree_node *n) {
+    if (_STR_EQ(n->name, "input")) {
+        auto node = new CalcASTInput();
+        auto expr_node = static_cast<CalcASTExpression *>(
+            transform_node_iter(n->children[0]));
+        node->expression = std::shared_ptr<CalcASTExpression>(expr_node);
+        return node;
+    } else if (_STR_EQ(n->name, "expression")) {
+        auto node = new CalcASTExpression();
+        if (n->children_num == 3) {
+            auto add_expr_node = static_cast<CalcASTExpression *>(
+                transform_node_iter(n->children[0]));
+            node->expression =
+                std::shared_ptr<CalcASTExpression>(add_expr_node);
+
+            auto op_name = n->children[1]->children[0]->name;
+            if (_STR_EQ(op_name, "+"))
+                node->op = OP_PLUS;
+            else if (_STR_EQ(op_name, "-"))
+                node->op = OP_MINUS;
+
+            auto term_node =
+                static_cast<CalcASTTerm *>(transform_node_iter(n->children[2]));
+            node->term = std::shared_ptr<CalcASTTerm>(term_node);
+        } else {
+            auto term_node =
+                static_cast<CalcASTTerm *>(transform_node_iter(n->children[0]));
+            node->term = std::shared_ptr<CalcASTTerm>(term_node);
+        }
+        return node;
+    } else if (_STR_EQ(n->name, "term")) {
+        auto node = new CalcASTTerm();
+        if (n->children_num == 3) {
+            auto term_node =
+                static_cast<CalcASTTerm *>(transform_node_iter(n->children[0]));
+            node->term = std::shared_ptr<CalcASTTerm>(term_node);
+
+            auto op_name = n->children[1]->children[0]->name;
+            if (_STR_EQ(op_name, "*"))
+                node->op = OP_MUL;
+            else if (_STR_EQ(op_name, "/"))
+                node->op = OP_DIV;
+
+            auto factor_node = static_cast<CalcASTFactor *>(
+                transform_node_iter(n->children[2]));
+            node->factor = std::shared_ptr<CalcASTFactor>(factor_node);
+        } else {
+            auto factor_node = static_cast<CalcASTFactor *>(
+                transform_node_iter(n->children[0]));
+            node->factor = std::shared_ptr<CalcASTFactor>(factor_node);
+        }
+        return node;
+    } else if (_STR_EQ(n->name, "factor")) {
+        if (n->children_num == 3) {
+            return transform_node_iter(n->children[1]);
+        } else {
+            auto num_node = new CalcASTNum();
+            num_node->val = std::stoi(n->children[0]->children[0]->name);
+            return num_node;
+        }
+    } else {
+        std::cerr << "[calc_ast]: transform failure!" << std::endl;
+        std::abort();
+    }
+}
+
+void CalcASTNum::accept(CalcASTVisitor &visitor) { visitor.visit(*this); }
+void CalcASTTerm::accept(CalcASTVisitor &visitor) { visitor.visit(*this); }
+void CalcASTExpression::accept(CalcASTVisitor &visitor) {
+    visitor.visit(*this);
+}
+
+void CalcASTInput::accept(CalcASTVisitor &visitor) {
+    expression->accept(visitor);
+}
+
+void CalcASTFactor::accept(CalcASTVisitor &visitor) {
+    auto expr = dynamic_cast<CalcASTExpression *>(this);
+    if (expr) {
+        expr->accept(visitor);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto num = dynamic_cast<CalcASTNum *>(this);
+    if (num) {
+        num->accept(visitor);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    _AST_NODE_ERROR_
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/warmup/calculator/calc_ast.hpp

+#pragma once
+
+extern "C" {
+#include "syntax_tree.h"
+extern syntax_tree *parse(const char *input);
+}
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+enum AddOp {
+    // +
+    OP_PLUS,
+    // -
+    OP_MINUS
+};
+
+enum MulOp {
+    // *
+    OP_MUL,
+    // /
+    OP_DIV
+};
+
+class CalcAST;
+
+struct CalcASTNode;
+struct CalcASTInput;
+struct CalcASTExpression;
+struct CalcASTNum;
+struct CalcASTTerm;
+struct CalcASTFactor;
+
+class CalcASTVisitor;
+
+class CalcAST {
+  public:
+    CalcAST() = delete;
+    CalcAST(syntax_tree *);
+    CalcAST(CalcAST &&tree) {
+        root = tree.root;
+        tree.root = nullptr;
+    }
+    CalcASTInput *get_root() { return root.get(); }
+    void run_visitor(CalcASTVisitor &visitor);
+
+  private:
+    CalcASTNode *transform_node_iter(syntax_tree_node *);
+    std::shared_ptr<CalcASTInput> root = nullptr;
+};
+
+struct CalcASTNode {
+    virtual void accept(CalcASTVisitor &) = 0;
+    virtual ~CalcASTNode() = default;
+};
+
+struct CalcASTInput : CalcASTNode {
+    virtual void accept(CalcASTVisitor &) override final;
+    std::shared_ptr<CalcASTExpression> expression;
+};
+
+struct CalcASTFactor : CalcASTNode {
+    virtual void accept(CalcASTVisitor &) override;
+};
+
+struct CalcASTNum : CalcASTFactor {
+    virtual void accept(CalcASTVisitor &) override final;
+    int val;
+};
+
+struct CalcASTExpression : CalcASTFactor {
+    virtual void accept(CalcASTVisitor &) override final;
+    std::shared_ptr<CalcASTExpression> expression;
+    AddOp op;
+    std::shared_ptr<CalcASTTerm> term;
+};
+
+struct CalcASTTerm : CalcASTNode {
+    virtual void accept(CalcASTVisitor &) override final;
+    std::shared_ptr<CalcASTTerm> term;
+    MulOp op;
+    std::shared_ptr<CalcASTFactor> factor;
+};
+
+class CalcASTVisitor {
+  public:
+    virtual void visit(CalcASTInput &) = 0;
+    virtual void visit(CalcASTNum &) = 0;
+    virtual void visit(CalcASTExpression &) = 0;
+    virtual void visit(CalcASTTerm &) = 0;
+};

tests/2-ir-gen/warmup/calculator/calc_builder.cpp

+#include "calc_builder.hpp"
+#include <memory>
+std::unique_ptr<Module> CalcBuilder::build(CalcAST &ast) {
+    module = std::unique_ptr<Module>(new Module());
+    builder = std::make_unique<IRBuilder>(nullptr, module.get());
+    auto TyVoid = module->get_void_type();
+    TyInt32 = module->get_int32_type();
+
+    std::vector<Type *> output_params;
+    output_params.push_back(TyInt32);
+    auto output_type = FunctionType::get(TyVoid, output_params);
+    auto output_fun = Function::create(output_type, "output", module.get());
+    auto main =
+        Function::create(FunctionType::get(TyInt32, {}), "main", module.get());
+    auto bb = BasicBlock::create(module.get(), "entry", main);
+    builder->set_insert_point(bb);
+    ast.run_visitor(*this);
+    builder->create_call(output_fun, {val});
+    builder->create_ret(ConstantInt::get(0, module.get()));
+    return std::move(module);
+}
+void CalcBuilder::visit(CalcASTInput &node) { node.expression->accept(*this); }
+void CalcBuilder::visit(CalcASTExpression &node) {
+    if (node.expression == nullptr) {
+        node.term->accept(*this);
+    } else {
+        node.expression->accept(*this);
+        auto l_val = val;
+        node.term->accept(*this);
+        auto r_val = val;
+        switch (node.op) {
+        case OP_PLUS:
+            val = builder->create_iadd(l_val, r_val);
+            break;
+        case OP_MINUS:
+            val = builder->create_isub(l_val, r_val);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void CalcBuilder::visit(CalcASTTerm &node) {
+    if (node.term == nullptr) {
+        node.factor->accept(*this);
+    } else {
+        node.term->accept(*this);
+        auto l_val = val;
+        node.factor->accept(*this);
+        auto r_val = val;
+        switch (node.op) {
+        case OP_MUL:
+            val = builder->create_imul(l_val, r_val);
+            break;
+        case OP_DIV:
+            val = builder->create_isdiv(l_val, r_val);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void CalcBuilder::visit(CalcASTNum &node) {
+    val = ConstantInt::get(node.val, module.get());
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/warmup/calculator/calc_builder.hpp

+#pragma once
+
+#include "BasicBlock.hpp"
+#include "Constant.hpp"
+#include "Function.hpp"
+#include "IRBuilder.hpp"
+#include "Module.hpp"
+#include "Type.hpp"
+#include "calc_ast.hpp"
+#include <memory>
+
+class CalcBuilder : public CalcASTVisitor {
+  public:
+    std::unique_ptr<Module> build(CalcAST &ast);
+
+  private:
+    virtual void visit(CalcASTInput &) override final;
+    virtual void visit(CalcASTNum &) override final;
+    virtual void visit(CalcASTExpression &) override final;
+    virtual void visit(CalcASTTerm &) override final;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<IRBuilder> builder;
+    Value *val;
+    Type *TyInt32;
+    std::unique_ptr<Module> module;
+};

tests/2-ir-gen/warmup/calculator/calculator.l

+%option noyywrap
+%{
+/*****************声明和选项设置  begin*****************/
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include "syntax_tree.h"
+#include "calculator.h"
+
+int lines;
+int pos_start;
+int pos_end;
+
+void pass_node(char *text){
+     yylval.node = new_syntax_tree_node(text);
+}
+
+/*****************声明和选项设置  end*****************/
+
+%}
+
+%x COMMENT
+
+%%
+
+\+ 	{pos_start = pos_end; pos_end += 1; pass_node(yytext); return ADD;}
+\-	{pos_start = pos_end; pos_end += 1; pass_node(yytext); return SUB;}
+\*	{pos_start = pos_end; pos_end += 1; pass_node(yytext); return MUL;}
+\/	{pos_start = pos_end; pos_end += 1; pass_node(yytext); return DIV;}
+\(	{pos_start = pos_end; pos_end += 1; pass_node(yytext); return LPARENTHESE;}
+\)	{pos_start = pos_end; pos_end += 1; pass_node(yytext); return RPARENTHESE;}
+[0-9]+ { pos_start = pos_end; pos_end += strlen(yytext); pass_node(yytext); return NUM;}
+
+\n 	{lines++; pos_start = 1; pos_end = 1;}
+[ \t] 	{pos_start = pos_end; pos_end += 1;}
+%%

tests/2-ir-gen/warmup/calculator/calculator.y

+%{
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
+#include "syntax_tree.h"
+
+// external functions from lex
+extern int yylex();
+extern int yyparse();
+extern int yyrestart();
+extern FILE * yyin;
+
+// external variables from lexical_analyzer module
+extern int lines;
+extern char * yytext;
+extern int pos_end;
+extern int pos_start;
+
+// Global syntax tree
+syntax_tree *gt;
+
+// Error reporting
+void yyerror(const char *s);
+syntax_tree_node *node(const char *node_name, int children_num, ...);
+%}
+
+%union {
+     struct _syntax_tree_node * node;
+     char * name;
+}
+
+%token <node> ADD
+%token <node> SUB
+%token <node> MUL
+%token <node> DIV
+%token <node> NUM
+%token <node> LPARENTHESE
+%token <node> RPARENTHESE
+%type <node> input expression addop term mulop factor num
+
+%start input
+
+%%
+input : expression {$$ = node( "input", 1, $1); gt->root = $$;}
+    ;
+expression : expression addop term  {$$ = node( "expression", 3, $1, $2, $3);}
+    |   term {$$ = node( "expression", 1, $1);}
+    ;
+
+addop : ADD {$$ = node( "addop", 1, $1);}
+    |  SUB {$$ = node( "addop", 1, $1);}
+    ;
+
+term : term mulop factor {$$ = node( "term", 3, $1, $2, $3);}
+    |   factor {$$ = node( "term", 1, $1);}
+    ;
+
+mulop : MUL {$$ = node( "mulop", 1, $1);}
+    |  DIV {$$ = node( "mulop", 1, $1);}
+    ;
+
+factor : LPARENTHESE expression RPARENTHESE {$$ = node( "factor", 3, $1, $2, $3);}
+    |  num {$$ = node( "factor", 1, $1);}
+    ;
+
+num : NUM {$$ = node( "num", 1, $1);}
+%%
+
+void yyerror(const char * s) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "error at line %d column %d: %s\n", lines, pos_start, s);
+}
+
+syntax_tree *parse(const char *input_path) {
+    if (input_path != NULL) {
+        if (!(yyin = fopen(input_path, "r"))) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "[ERR] Open input file %s failed.\n", input_path);
+            exit(1);
+        }
+    } else {
+        yyin = stdin;
+    }
+
+    lines = pos_start = pos_end = 1;
+    gt = new_syntax_tree();
+    yyrestart(yyin);
+    yyparse();
+    return gt;
+}
+
+syntax_tree_node *node(const char *name, int children_num, ...) {
+    syntax_tree_node *p = new_syntax_tree_node(name);
+    syntax_tree_node *child;
+    if (children_num == 0) {
+        child = new_syntax_tree_node("epsilon");
+        syntax_tree_add_child(p, child);
+    } else {
+        va_list ap;
+        va_start(ap, children_num);
+        for (int i = 0; i < children_num; ++i) {
+            child = va_arg(ap, syntax_tree_node *);
+            syntax_tree_add_child(p, child);
+        }
+        va_end(ap);
+    }
+    return p;
+}

tests/2-ir-gen/warmup/stu_cpp/assign_generator.cpp

+int main() {}
\ No newline at end of file

tests/2-ir-gen/warmup/stu_cpp/fun_generator.cpp

+int main() {}
\ No newline at end of file

tests/2-ir-gen/warmup/stu_cpp/if_generator.cpp

+int main() {}
\ No newline at end of file

tests/2-ir-gen/warmup/stu_cpp/while_generator.cpp

+int main() {}

tests/2-ir-gen/warmup/ta_gcd/gcd_array.c

+int x[1];
+int y[1];
+
+int gcd(int u, int v) {
+    if (v == 0)
+        return u;
+    else
+        return gcd(v, u - u / v * v);
+}
+
+int funArray(int u[], int v[]) {
+    int a;
+    int b;
+    int temp;
+    a = u[0];
+    b = v[0];
+    if (a < b) {
+        temp = a;
+        a = b;
+        b = temp;
+    }
+    return gcd(a, b);
+}
+
+int main(void) {
+    x[0] = 90;
+    y[0] = 18;
+    return funArray(x, y);
+}
\ No newline at end of file

tests/2-ir-gen/warmup/ta_gcd/gcd_array_generator.cpp

+#include "BasicBlock.hpp"
+#include "Constant.hpp"
+#include "Function.hpp"
+#include "IRBuilder.hpp"
+#include "Module.hpp"
+#include "Type.hpp"
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <memory>
+
+// 定义一个从常数值获取/创建 ConstantInt 类实例化的宏，方便多次调用
+#define CONST_INT(num) ConstantInt::get(num, module)
+
+// 定义一个从常数值获取/创建 ConstantFP 类实例化的宏，方便多次调用
+#define CONST_FP(num) ConstantFP::get(num, module)
+
+int main() {
+    // 创建一个 Module 实例
+    auto module = new Module();
+    // 创建一个 IRBuilder 实例（后续创建指令均使用此实例操作）
+    auto builder = new IRBuilder(nullptr, module);
+    // 从 Module 处取出 32 位整形 type 的实例
+    Type *Int32Type = module->get_int32_type();
+    // 使用取出的 32 位整形与数组长度 1，创建数组类型 [1 x i32]
+    auto *arrayType = ArrayType::get(Int32Type, 1);
+    // 创建 0 常数类实例化，用于全局变量的初始化（目前全局变量仅支持初始化为 0）
+    auto initializer = ConstantZero::get(Int32Type, module);
+    // 为全局数组变量分配空间。参数解释：名字 name，所属 module，待分配空间类型
+    // type，标志全局变量是否有 const 限定（cminus 中全是 false），初始化值
+    auto x = GlobalVariable::create("x", module, arrayType, false, initializer);
+    // 为另一个全局数组分配空间
+    auto y = GlobalVariable::create("y", module, arrayType, false, initializer);
+    // 接下来创建 gcd 函数
+    // 声明函数参数类型的 vector，此处的 vector 数组含有两个元素，每个均为
+    // Int32Type，表明待创建函数有两个参数，类型均为 Int32Type 实例代表的类型
+    std::vector<Type *> Ints(2, Int32Type);
+    // 创建函数类型，FunctionType::get
+    // 的第一个参数是函数返回值类型，第二个是函数参数类型列表
+    auto gcdFunTy = FunctionType::get(Int32Type, Ints);
+    // 通过函数类型创建函数 gcd，输入参数解释：函数类型，函数名 name，函数所属
+    // module
+    auto gcdFun = Function::create(gcdFunTy, "gcd", module);
+    // 为函数 gcd 创建起始 BasicBlock，参数解释：所属 module，名称
+    // name，所属函数
+    auto bb = BasicBlock::create(module, "entry", gcdFun);
+    // 将辅助类实例化 builder 插入指令的起始位置设置在 bb 对应的 BasicBlock
+    builder->set_insert_point(bb);
+    // 使用辅助类实例化 builder 创建了一条 alloca 指令，在栈上分配返回值的空间
+    auto retAlloca = builder->create_alloca(Int32Type);
+    // 使用辅助类实例化 builder 创建了一条 alloca 指令，在栈上分配参数 u 的空间
+    auto uAlloca = builder->create_alloca(Int32Type);
+    // 使用辅助类实例化 builder 创建了一条 alloca 指令，在栈上分配参数 u 的空间
+    auto vAlloca = builder->create_alloca(Int32Type);
+    // 获取 gcd 函数的形参，通过 Function 中的 iterator
+    std::vector<Value *> args;
+    for (auto &arg : gcdFun->get_args()) {
+        args.push_back(&arg);
+    }
+    // 使用辅助类实例化 builder 创建了一条 store 指令，将参数 u store 下来
+    builder->create_store(args[0], uAlloca);
+    // 使用辅助类实例化 builder 创建了一条 store 指令，将参数 v store 下来
+    builder->create_store(args[1], vAlloca);
+    // 使用辅助类实例化 builder 创建了一条 load 指令，将参数 v load 出来
+    auto vLoad = builder->create_load(vAlloca);
+    // 使用辅助类实例化 builder 创建了一条 cmp eq 指令，将 v load 出来的值与 0
+    // 比较
+    auto icmp = builder->create_icmp_eq(vLoad, CONST_INT(0));
+    // 为函数 gcd 创建 BasicBlock 作为 true 分支
+    auto trueBB = BasicBlock::create(module, "trueBB", gcdFun);
+    // 为函数 gcd 创建 BasicBlock 作为 false 分支
+    auto falseBB = BasicBlock::create(module, "falseBB", gcdFun);
+    // 为函数 gcd 创建 BasicBlock 作为 return 分支，提前创建，以便在 true
+    // 分支中可以创建跳转到 return 分支的 br 指令
+    auto retBB = BasicBlock::create(module, "", gcdFun); // return 分支，
+    // 为 entrybb 创建终结指令，条件跳转指令，使用 icmp
+    // 指令的返回值作为条件，trueBB 与 falseBB 作为条件跳转的两个目的 basicblock
+    auto br = builder->create_cond_br(icmp, trueBB, falseBB);
+    // 将辅助类实例化 builder 插入指令的位置调整至 trueBB 上
+    builder->set_insert_point(trueBB);
+    // 使用辅助类实例化 builder 创建了一条 load 指令，将参数 u load 出来
+    auto uLoad = builder->create_load(uAlloca);
+    // 使用辅助类实例化 builder 创建了一条 store 指令，将参数 u store
+    // 至为返回值分配的空间
+    builder->create_store(uLoad, retAlloca);
+    // 使用 builder 创建一条强制跳转指令，跳转到 retBB 处
+    builder->create_br(retBB); // br retBB
+    // 将辅助类实例化 builder 插入指令的位置调整至 falseBB 上
+    builder->set_insert_point(falseBB);
+    // 使用 builder 创建了一条 load 指令，将参数 u load 出来
+    uLoad = builder->create_load(uAlloca);
+    // 使用 builder 创建了一条 load 指令，将参数 v load 出来
+    vLoad = builder->create_load(vAlloca);
+    // 使用 builder 创建了一条 sdiv 指令，计算 u/v 的值
+    auto div = builder->create_isdiv(uLoad, vLoad);
+    // 使用 builder 创建了一条 imul 指令，计算 v*u/v 的值
+    auto mul = builder->create_imul(div, vLoad);
+    // 使用 builder 创建了一条 isub 指令，计算 u-v*u/v 的值
+    auto sub = builder->create_isub(uLoad, mul);
+    // 创建 call 指令，调用 gcd 函数，传入的实参为 v load 指令的结果与 sub
+    // 指令计算的结果
+    auto call = builder->create_call(gcdFun, {vLoad, sub});
+    // 创建 store 指令，将 call 指令的结果存至为 gcd 函数返回值分配的空间
+    builder->create_store(call, retAlloca);
+    // 创建强制跳转指令，跳转至 retBB
+    builder->create_br(retBB); // br retBB
+    // 将 builder 插入指令的位置调整至 retBB 上
+    builder->set_insert_point(retBB); // ret 分支
+    // 使用 builder 创建了一条 load 指令，将 gcd 函数返回值 load 出来
+    auto retLoad = builder->create_load(retAlloca);
+    // 使用 builder 创建了一条 ret 指令，将 gcd 返回值 load 出来的结果作为 gcd
+    // 函数的返回值返回
+    builder->create_ret(retLoad);
+    // 接下来创建 funArray 函数
+    // 获得 32 位整形的指针类型，
+    auto Int32PtrType = module->get_int32_ptr_type();
+    // 初始化 funArray 函数的参数类型列表，第一个参数与第二个参数类型均为
+    // Int32PtrType，及 32 位整形的指针类型
+    std::vector<Type *> IntPtrs(2, Int32PtrType);
+    // 通过返回值类型与参数类型列表创建函数类型
+    auto funArrayFunType = FunctionType::get(Int32Type, IntPtrs);
+    // 通过函数类型创建函数
+    auto funArrayFun = Function::create(funArrayFunType, "funArray", module);
+    // 创建 funArray 函数的第一个 BasicBlock
+    bb = BasicBlock::create(module, "entry", funArrayFun);
+    // 将 builder 插入指令的位置调整至 funArray 的 entryBB 上
+    builder->set_insert_point(bb);
+    // 用 builder 创建 alloca 指令，用于 u 的存放，此处开始 u，v 指的是源代码中
+    // funArray 函数内的参数
+    auto upAlloca = builder->create_alloca(Int32PtrType);
+    // 用 builder 创建 alloca 指令，用于 v 的存放
+    auto vpAlloca = builder->create_alloca(Int32PtrType);
+    // 用 builder 创建 alloca 指令，用于 a 的存放
+    auto aAlloca = builder->create_alloca(Int32Type);
+    // 用 builder 创建 alloca 指令，用于 b 的存放
+    auto bAlloca = builder->create_alloca(Int32Type);
+    // 用 builder 创建 alloca 指令，用于 temp 的存放
+    auto tempAlloca = builder->create_alloca(Int32Type);
+    // 获取 funArrayFun 函数的形参，通过 Function 中的 iterator
+    std::vector<Value *> args1;
+    for (auto &arg : funArrayFun->get_args()) {
+        args1.push_back(&arg);
+    }
+    // 用 builder 创建 store 指令将参数 u store 下来
+    builder->create_store(args1[0], upAlloca);
+    // 用 builder 创建 store 指令将参数 v store 下来
+    builder->create_store(args1[1], vpAlloca);
+    // 用 builder 创建 load 指令将参数 u 的值 load 出来
+    auto u0pLoad = builder->create_load(upAlloca);
+    // 用 builder 创建 getelementptr 指令，参数解释：第一个参数传入
+    // getelementptr
+    // 的指针参数，第二个参数传入取偏移的数组。在此条语句中，u0pLoad 为
+    // i32*类型的指针，且只取一次偏移，偏移值为 0，因此返回的即为 u[0] 的地址
+    auto u0GEP = builder->create_gep(u0pLoad, {CONST_INT(0)});
+    // 用 builder 创建 load 指令，将 u[0] 的数据 load 出来
+    auto u0Load = builder->create_load(u0GEP);
+    // 用 builder 创建 store 指令，将 u[0] 的数据写入 a
+    builder->create_store(u0Load, aAlloca);
+    // 接下来几条指令含义同上
+    auto v0pLoad = builder->create_load(vpAlloca);
+    auto v0GEP = builder->create_gep(v0pLoad, {CONST_INT(0)});
+    auto v0Load = builder->create_load(v0GEP);
+    builder->create_store(v0Load, bAlloca);
+    // 用 builder 创建两条 load 指令吗，将 a，b 的值 load 出来
+    auto aLoad = builder->create_load(aAlloca);
+    auto bLoad = builder->create_load(bAlloca);
+    // 用 builder 创建 icmp lt 指令，指令操作数为 a，b load 出来的值
+    icmp = builder->create_icmp_lt(aLoad, bLoad);
+    // 为 if else 分支创建两个 BasicBlock
+    trueBB = BasicBlock::create(module, "trueBB", funArrayFun);
+    falseBB = BasicBlock::create(module, "falseBB", funArrayFun);
+    // 用 builder 创建一条条件跳转指令，使用 icmp 指令的返回值作为条件，trueBB
+    // 与 falseBB 作为条件跳转的两个目的 basicblock
+    builder->create_cond_br(icmp, trueBB, falseBB);
+    // 将 builder 插入指令的位置调整至 trueBB 上
+    builder->set_insert_point(trueBB);
+    // 用 builder 创建 store 指令，将 a 的值存到 temp 处，将 b 存到 a 处，将
+    // temp 重新 load 后存到 b 处，对应源代码 temp=a，a=b，b=temp
+    builder->create_store(aLoad, tempAlloca);
+    builder->create_store(bLoad, aAlloca);
+    auto tempLoad = builder->create_load(tempAlloca);
+    builder->create_store(tempLoad, bAlloca);
+    // 创建强制跳转指令，跳转至 falseBB，注意每个 BasicBlock 都需要有终结指令
+    builder->create_br(falseBB);
+    // 将 builder 插入指令的位置调整至 falseBB 上
+    builder->set_insert_point(falseBB);
+    // 用 builder 创建两条 load 指令将 a 与 b 的值 load 出来
+    aLoad = builder->create_load(aAlloca);
+    bLoad = builder->create_load(bAlloca);
+    // 用 builder 创建 call 指令，调用 gcd 函数，并将 ab load 的结果作为实参传入
+    call = builder->create_call(gcdFun, {aLoad, bLoad});
+    // 使用 builder 创建了一条 ret 指令，将 gcd 返回值 load 出来的结果作为 gcd
+    // 函数的返回值返回
+    builder->create_ret(call);
+    // 接下来创建 main 函数
+    auto mainFun =
+        Function::create(FunctionType::get(Int32Type, {}), "main", module);
+    // 创建 main 函数的起始 bb
+    bb = BasicBlock::create(module, "entry", mainFun);
+    // 将 builder 插入指令的位置调整至 main 函数起始 bb 上
+    builder->set_insert_point(bb);
+    // 用 builder 创建 alloca 指令，为函数返回值分配空间
+    retAlloca = builder->create_alloca(Int32Type);
+    // main 函数默认 ret 0
+    builder->create_store(CONST_INT(0), retAlloca);
+    // 用 builder 创建 getelementptr 指令，参数解释：第一个参数传入
+    // getelementptr 的指针参数，第二个参数传入取偏移的数组。在此条语句中，x 为
+    // [1 x i32]*类型的指针，取两次偏移，两次偏移值都为 0，因此返回的即为 x[0]
+    // 的地址。
+    auto x0GEP = builder->create_gep(x, {CONST_INT(0), CONST_INT(0)});
+    // 用 builder 创建 store 指令，将 90 常数值存至上条语句取出的 x[0] 的地址
+    builder->create_store(CONST_INT(90), x0GEP);
+    // 此处同上创建 getelementptr 指令，返回 y[0] 的地址
+    auto y0GEP = builder->create_gep(y, {CONST_INT(0), CONST_INT(0)});
+    // 用 builder 创建 store 指令，将 18 常数值存至上条语句取出的 y[0] 的地址
+    builder->create_store(CONST_INT(18), y0GEP);
+    // 此处同上创建 getelementptr 指令，返回 x[0] 的地址
+    x0GEP = builder->create_gep(x, {CONST_INT(0), CONST_INT(0)});
+    // 此处同上创建 getelementptr 指令，返回 y[0] 的地址
+    y0GEP = builder->create_gep(y, {CONST_INT(0), CONST_INT(0)});
+    // 此处创建 call 指令，调用 funArray 函数，将上两条语句返回的 x[0]，y[0]
+    // 的地址作为实参
+    call = builder->create_call(funArrayFun, {x0GEP, y0GEP});
+    // 使用 builder 创建了一条 ret 指令，将 funArray 返回值 load 出来的结果作为
+    // main 函数的返回值返回
+    builder->create_ret(call);
+    // 输出 module 中的所有 IR 指令
+    std::cout << module->print();
+    delete module;
+    return 0;
+}

tests/CMakeLists.txt

+add_subdirectory("2-ir-gen/warmup")
\ No newline at end of file