should pass the functional test

include/codegen.hpp

@@ -43,18 +43,17 @@ class CodeGen {
     void IR2assem(GetElementPtrInst *);
     void IR2assem(CallInst *);
     void IR2assem(BranchInst *);
+    void IR2assem(BinaryInst *);
+    void IR2assem(FpToSiInst *);
+    void IR2assem(SiToFpInst *);
     // The Instructions below will do nothing
     void IR2assem(AllocaInst *) {}
     // integration with BranchInst
     void IR2assem(CmpInst *) {}
+    void IR2assem(FCmpInst *) {}
     void IR2assem(ZextInst *) {}
 
-    void IR2assem(BinaryInst *);
-
     void IR2assem(PhiInst *) {}
-    void IR2assem(FCmpInst *) {}
-    void IR2assem(FpToSiInst *) {}
-    void IR2assem(SiToFpInst *) {}
 
     void stackMemAlloc();
     void stackMemDealloc();
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@ class CodeGen {
     // - for global variables and pointers from alloca and GEP, read through
     // address
     // only use register a_id and t_
-    void value2reg(Value *, int id = 0, bool is_float = false);
+    void value2reg(Value *, int id = 0);
     // load the content in ptr to specified register.
     // only use register a_id and t_
     void ptrContent2reg(Value *, int id = 0);
@@ -92,21 +91,27 @@ class CodeGen {
         }
     }
 
-    void back2stack(Instruction *instr, string reg = "$a0") {
+    // assert the value needed to store back is in $a0 or $f0, according to the
+    // value type
+    void back2stack(Instruction *instr) {
         // std::cerr <<  instr->print() << std::endl;
-        string suff = suffix(typeLen(instr->get_type()));
+        auto type = instr->get_type();
+        string instr_ir = type->is_float_type() ? "fst" : "st";
+        string suff = suffix(type);
+        string reg = type->is_float_type() ? "$fa0" : "$a0";
         string addr = "$fp, -" + std::to_string(off[instr]);
-        output.push_back("st" + suff + " " + reg + " " + addr);
+        output.push_back(instr_ir + suff + " " + reg + ", " + addr);
     }
 
-    string suffix(int len) {
+    string suffix(Type *type) {
+        int len = typeLen(type);
         switch (len) {
             case 1:
                 return ".b";
             case 2:
                 return ".h";
             case 4:
-                return ".w";
+                return type->is_float_type() ? ".s" : ".w";
             case 8:
                 return ".d";
         }
@@ -116,16 +121,16 @@ class CodeGen {
     bool no_stack_alloca(Instruction *instr) {
         if (instr->is_void())
             return true;
-        if (instr->is_cmp() or instr->is_zext())
+        if (instr->is_fcmp() or instr->is_cmp() or instr->is_zext())
             return true;
 
         return false;
     }
 
-    std::map<Value *, unsigned int> off;                   // to $fp
+    std::map<Value *, unsigned int> off; // stack offset to $fp
     std::map<Function *, std::map<int, int>> func_arg_off; // to $sp
-    std::map<Function *, int> func_arg_N;
-    unsigned int stackN;
+    std::map<Function *, int> func_arg_N; // total space for args
+    unsigned int stackN;                  // function local vars and so on
 
     Function *cur_func;
 

src/cminusfc/cminusfc.cpp

@@ -17,13 +17,16 @@
 
 using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
 
-void print_help(std::string exe_name) {
+void
+print_help(std::string exe_name) {
     std::cout << "Usage: " << exe_name
-              << " [ -h | --help ] [ -o <target-file> ] [ -emit-llvm ] [-mem2reg] [-gvn] [-dump-json] <input-file>"
+              << " [ -h | --help ] [ -o <target-file> ] [ -emit-llvm ] "
+                 "[-mem2reg] [-gvn] [-dump-json] <input-file>"
               << std::endl;
 }
 
-int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+int
+main(int argc, char **argv) {
     std::string target_path;
     std::string input_path;
 
@@ -36,9 +39,11 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
         if (argv[i] == "-h"s || argv[i] == "--help"s) {
             print_help(argv[0]);
             return 0;
-        } else if (argv[i] == "-o"s) {
+        } else if (argv[i] == "-o"s || argv[i] == "-S"s) {
             if (target_path.empty() && i + 1 < argc) {
                 target_path = argv[i + 1];
+                if (target_path.rfind(".") != std::string::npos)
+                    target_path = target_path.substr(0, target_path.rfind("."));
                 i += 1;
             } else {
                 print_help(argv[0]);
@@ -71,12 +76,13 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     if (target_path.empty()) {
         auto pos = input_path.rfind('.');
         if (pos == std::string::npos) {
-            std::cerr << argv[0] << ": input file " << input_path << " has unknown filetype!" << std::endl;
+            std::cerr << argv[0] << ": input file " << input_path
+                      << " has unknown filetype!" << std::endl;
             return -1;
         } else {
             // if (input_path.substr(pos) != ".cminus") {
-            //     std::cerr << argv[0] << ": input file " << input_path << " has unknown filetype!" << std::endl;
-            //     return -1;
+            //     std::cerr << argv[0] << ": input file " << input_path << "
+            //     has unknown filetype!" << std::endl; return -1;
             // }
             target_path = input_path.substr(0, pos);
         }
@@ -89,7 +95,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
         a.run_visitor(builder);
     } catch (std::exception e) {
         std::cout << "Exception catched:\n\t" << e.what() << std::endl;
-        std::cout << "Already generated IR code:\n" << builder.getModule()->print();
+        std::cout << "Already generated IR code:\n"
+                  << builder.getModule()->print();
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -104,7 +111,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     if (gvn) {
         PM.add_pass<DeadCode>(false); // remove some undef
         PM.add_pass<GVN>(emit, dump_json);
-        PM.add_pass<DeadCode>(false); // delete unused instructions created by GVN
+        PM.add_pass<DeadCode>(
+            false); // delete unused instructions created by GVN
     }
 
     PM.run();
@@ -132,7 +140,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
             lib_path.erase(lib_path.rfind('/'));
         else
             lib_path.clear();
-        auto cmd_str = "clang -O0 -w -no-pie "s + target_path + ".ll -o " + target_path + lib_path + " -lcminus_io";
+        auto cmd_str = "clang -O0 -w -no-pie "s + target_path + ".ll -o " +
+                       target_path + lib_path + " -lcminus_io";
         int re_code0 = std::system(cmd_str.c_str());
         cmd_str = "rm "s + target_path + ".ll";
         int re_code1 = std::system(cmd_str.c_str());

src/codegen/codegen.cpp

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@
 #include "Type.h"
 #include "Value.h"
 
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
 #include <string>
 
 // $r0          $zero       constant 0
@@ -98,50 +100,67 @@ CodeGen::run() {
 
 void
 CodeGen::ptrContent2reg(Value *ptr, int id) {
-    auto reg_name = "$a" + to_string(id);
+    auto ele_tp = ptr->get_type()->get_pointer_element_type();
+    assert(ele_tp);
+    bool is_float = ele_tp->is_float_type();
+    string instr_ir = (is_float ? "fld" : "ld");
+    string reg_name = (is_float ? "$fa" : "$a") + to_string(id);
+    string suff = suffix(ele_tp);
     if (dynamic_cast<GlobalVariable *>(ptr)) {
-        auto type = static_cast<GlobalVariable *>(ptr)
-                        ->get_type()
-                        ->get_pointer_element_type();
-        auto suff = suffix(typeLen(type));
         output.push_back("la.local " + reg_name + ", " + ptr->get_name());
-        output.push_back("ldx" + suff + " " + reg_name + ", " + reg_name +
-                         ", $r0");
+        output.push_back(instr_ir + suff + " " + reg_name + ", " + reg_name +
+                         ", 0");
     } else if (dynamic_cast<AllocaInst *>(ptr)) {
-        auto alloc_instr = static_cast<AllocaInst *>(ptr);
-        string suff = suffix(typeLen(alloc_instr->get_alloca_type()));
-        output.push_back("ld" + suff + " " + reg_name + ", $fp, -" +
+        /* auto alloc_instr = static_cast<AllocaInst *>(ptr);
+         * string suff = suffix(alloc_instr->get_alloca_type()); */
+        output.push_back(instr_ir + suff + " " + reg_name + ", $fp, -" +
                          to_string(off[ptr]));
     } else if (dynamic_cast<GetElementPtrInst *>(ptr)) {
-        auto GEP_instr = static_cast<GetElementPtrInst *>(ptr);
-        auto suff = suffix(typeLen(GEP_instr->get_element_type()));
+        // auto GEP_instr = static_cast<GetElementPtrInst *>(ptr);
         output.push_back("ld.d " + reg_name + ", $fp, -" + to_string(off[ptr]));
-        output.push_back("ldx" + suff + " " + reg_name + ", " + reg_name +
-                         ", $r0");
+        output.push_back(instr_ir + suff + " " + reg_name + ", " + reg_name +
+                         ", 0");
     } else
         assert(false && "unknown type");
 }
 
 void
-CodeGen::value2reg(Value *v, int id, bool is_float) {
-    auto reg_name = (is_float ? "$f" : "$a") + to_string(id);
+CodeGen::value2reg(Value *v, int id) {
+    bool is_float = v->get_type()->is_float_type();
+    auto reg_name = (is_float ? "$fa" : "$a") + to_string(id);
     if (dynamic_cast<Constant *>(v)) {
         auto constant = static_cast<Constant *>(v);
         if (dynamic_cast<ConstantInt *>(constant)) {
             int k = static_cast<ConstantInt *>(constant)->get_value();
             if ((k & 0xfff) != k) {
-                output.push_back("lui.w " + reg_name + ", " +
+                output.push_back("lu12i.w " + reg_name + ", " +
                                  to_string(k >> 12));
                 output.push_back("ori " + reg_name + ", " + reg_name + ", " +
                                  to_string(k & 0xfff));
             } else
                 output.push_back("ori " + reg_name + ", $r0, " + to_string(k));
+        } else if (dynamic_cast<ConstantFP *>(constant)) {
+            // move the binary code to int-reg, then use movgr2fr to move the
+            // value to float-reg
+            string tmp_ireg = "$t0";
+            float k = static_cast<ConstantFP *>(constant)->get_value();
+            int hex_int = *(uint32_t *)&k;
+            if ((hex_int & 0xfff) != hex_int)
+                output.push_back("lu12i.w " + tmp_ireg + ", " +
+                                 to_string(hex_int >> 12));
+            if (hex_int & 0xfff)
+                output.push_back("ori " + tmp_ireg + ", " + tmp_ireg + ", " +
+                                 to_string(hex_int & 0xfff));
+            output.push_back("movgr2fr.w " + reg_name + ", " + tmp_ireg);
+            // output.push_back("ffint.s.w " + reg_name + ", " + reg_name);
+
         } else
             assert(false && "wait for completion");
     } else if (dynamic_cast<GlobalVariable *>(v)) {
         output.push_back("la.local " + reg_name + ", " + v->get_name());
     } else if (dynamic_cast<AllocaInst *>(v)) {
         // auto alloc_instr = dynamic_cast<AllocaInst *>(v);
+        // give the stack address
         output.push_back("addi.d " + reg_name + ", $fp, -" + to_string(off[v]));
     } else if (dynamic_cast<Argument *>(v)) {
         auto args = cur_func->get_args();
@@ -149,12 +168,13 @@ CodeGen::value2reg(Value *v, int id, bool is_float) {
         for (auto iter = args.begin(); id <= args.size(); ++iter, ++id)
             if (*iter == v)
                 break;
-        output.push_back("ld" + suffix(typeLen(v->get_type())) + " " +
-                         reg_name + ", $fp, " +
-                         to_string(func_arg_off[cur_func][id]));
+        string instr_ir = is_float ? "fld" : "ld";
+        output.push_back(instr_ir + suffix(v->get_type()) + " " + reg_name +
+                         ", $fp, " + to_string(func_arg_off[cur_func][id]));
     } else {
-        output.push_back("ld" + suffix(typeLen(v->get_type())) + " " +
-                         reg_name + ", $fp, -" + to_string(off[v]));
+        string instr_ir = is_float ? "fld" : "ld";
+        output.push_back(instr_ir + suffix(v->get_type()) + " " + reg_name +
+                         ", $fp, -" + to_string(off[v]));
     }
 }
 
@@ -215,23 +235,41 @@ CodeGen::stackMemAlloc() {
     output.push_back("addi.d $fp, $sp, " + to_string(stackN));
     output.push_back("st.d $ra, $fp, -8");
 }
+void
+CodeGen::IR2assem(FpToSiInst *instr) {
+    assert(instr->get_operand(0)->get_type() == m->get_float_type());
+    assert(instr->get_dest_type() == m->get_int32_type());
+    value2reg(instr->get_operand(0));
+    output.push_back("ftint.w.s $fa0, $fa0");
+    output.push_back("movfr2gr.s $a0, $fa0");
+}
+void
+CodeGen::IR2assem(SiToFpInst *instr) {
+    assert(instr->get_operand(0)->get_type() == m->get_int32_type());
+    assert(instr->get_dest_type() == m->get_float_type());
+    output.push_back("movgr2fr.w $fa0, $a0");
+    output.push_back("ffint.s.w $fa0, $fa0");
+}
 
 string
 CodeGen::bool2branch(Instruction *instr) {
-    assert(instr->get_type() == instr->get_module()->get_int1_type());
-    auto cmp_instr = dynamic_cast<CmpInst *>(instr);
-    assert(cmp_instr);
+    assert(instr->get_type() == m->get_int1_type());
+    auto icmp_instr = dynamic_cast<CmpInst *>(instr);
+    auto fcmp_instr = dynamic_cast<FCmpInst *>(instr);
+    assert(icmp_instr or fcmp_instr);
+
     string instr_ir;
     bool reverse = false;
-    switch (cmp_instr->get_cmp_op()) {
+    if (icmp_instr) {
+        switch (icmp_instr->get_cmp_op()) {
             case CmpInst::EQ:
                 instr_ir = "beq";
                 break;
             case CmpInst::NE: {
                 instr_ir = "bne";
-            if (instr->get_operand(1) ==
-                    ConstantInt::get(0, instr->get_module()) and
-                dynamic_cast<Instruction *>(instr->get_operand(0))->is_zext()) {
+                if (instr->get_operand(1) == ConstantInt::get(0, m) and
+                    dynamic_cast<Instruction *>(instr->get_operand(0))
+                        ->is_zext()) {
                     // something like:
                     // %op0 = icmp slt i32 1, 2 # deepest
                     // %op1 = zext i1 %op0 to i32
@@ -242,9 +280,7 @@ CodeGen::bool2branch(Instruction *instr) {
                             ->get_operand(0));
                     return bool2branch(deepest);
                 }
-        }
-
-        break;
+            } break;
             case CmpInst::GT:
                 instr_ir = "blt";
                 reverse = true;
@@ -262,8 +298,35 @@ CodeGen::bool2branch(Instruction *instr) {
         }
         value2reg(instr->get_operand(0), 0);
         value2reg(instr->get_operand(1), 1);
-
-    return instr_ir + (reverse ? " $a1, $a0 " : " $a0, $a1 ");
+        return instr_ir + (reverse ? " $a1, $a0," : " $a0, $a1,");
+    } else {
+        switch (fcmp_instr->get_cmp_op()) {
+            case FCmpInst::EQ:
+                instr_ir = "fcmp.ceq.s $fcc0";
+                break;
+            case FCmpInst::NE:
+                instr_ir = "fcmp.cun.s $fcc0";
+                break;
+            case FCmpInst::GT:
+                instr_ir = "fcmp.cle.s $fcc0";
+                reverse = true;
+                break;
+            case FCmpInst::GE:
+                instr_ir = "fcmp.clt.s $fcc0";
+                reverse = true;
+                break;
+            case FCmpInst::LT:
+                instr_ir = "fcmp.clt.s $fcc0";
+                break;
+            case FCmpInst::LE:
+                instr_ir = "fcmp.cle.s $fcc0";
+                break;
+        }
+        value2reg(instr->get_operand(0), 0);
+        value2reg(instr->get_operand(1), 1);
+        output.push_back(instr_ir + ", " + "$fa0, $fa1");
+        return (reverse ? "bceqz $fcc0," : "bcnez $fcc0,");
+    }
 }
 
 void
@@ -287,85 +350,33 @@ CodeGen::IR2assem(CallInst *instr) {
     auto func = static_cast<Function *>(instr->get_operand(0));
     // stack space allocation
     output.push_back("addi.d $sp, $sp, -" + to_string(func_arg_N[func]));
+    string instr_ir, suff, reg;
     // place the arguments
     for (int i = 1; i < instr->get_num_operand(); i++) {
         auto arg = instr->get_operand(i);
-        auto tplen = typeLen(arg->get_type());
-        string suff = suffix(tplen);
+        // auto tplen = typeLen(arg->get_type());
+        instr_ir = (arg->get_type()->is_float_type() ? "fst" : "st");
+        suff = suffix(arg->get_type());
+        reg = (arg->get_type()->is_float_type() ? "$fa0" : "$a0");
         value2reg(arg);
-        output.push_back("st" + suff + " $a0, $sp, " +
+        output.push_back(instr_ir + suff + " " + reg + ", $sp, " +
                          to_string(func_arg_off[func][i]));
     }
     output.push_back("bl " + func->get_name());
     output.push_back("addi.d $sp, $sp, " + to_string(func_arg_N[func]));
     output.push_back("addi.d $fp, $sp, " + to_string(stackN));
-    if (not instr->is_void())
-        back2stack(instr);
 }
-/* void
- * CodeGen::IR2assem(CmpInst *instr) {
- *     value2reg(instr->get_operand(0), 0);
- *     value2reg(instr->get_operand(1), 1);
- *     string instr_ir;
- *     switch (instr->get_cmp_op()) {
- *         case CmpInst::EQ:
- *             break;
- *         case CmpInst::NE:
- *             // output.push_back("xor $a0, $a0, $a1");
- *             break;
- *         case CmpInst::GT:
- *             output.push_back("slt $a0, $a1, $a0");
- *             break;
- *         case CmpInst::GE:
- *             break;
- *         case CmpInst::LT:
- *             output.push_back("slt $a0, $a0, $a1");
- *             break;
- *         case CmpInst::LE:
- *             break;
- *     }
- *     output.push_back(instr_ir + " $a0, $a0, $a1");
- *     back2stack(instr);
- * } */
 
 void
 CodeGen::IR2assem(BinaryInst *instr) {
+    auto is_float = instr->get_type()->is_float_type();
     value2reg(instr->get_operand(0), 0);
     value2reg(instr->get_operand(1), 1);
 
-    string suff = suffix(typeLen(instr->get_type()));
-    string instr_ir;
-    switch (instr->get_instr_type()) {
-        case Instruction::add:
-            instr_ir = "add";
-            break;
-        case Instruction::sub:
-            instr_ir = "sub";
-            break;
-        case Instruction::mul:
-            instr_ir = "mulw.d.w";
-            suff = "";
-            break;
-        case Instruction::sdiv:
-            instr_ir = "div";
-            break;
-        /* case Instruction::fadd:
-         *     instr_ir = "fadd";
-         *     break;
-         * case Instruction::fsub:
-         *     instr_ir = "fsub";
-         *     break;
-         * case Instruction::fmul:
-         *     instr_ir = "fmul";
-         *     break;
-         * case Instruction::fdiv:
-         *     instr_ir = "fdiv";
-         *     break; */
-        default:
-            assert(false && "instruction type");
-    }
-    output.push_back(instr_ir + suff + " $a0, $a0, $a1");
-    back2stack(instr);
+    string instr_ir = instr->get_instr_op_name();
+    string suff = suffix(instr->get_type());
+    output.push_back(instr_ir + suff +
+                     (is_float ? " $fa0, $fa0, $fa1" : " $a0, $a0, $a1"));
 }
 
 void
@@ -383,10 +394,10 @@ CodeGen::IR2assem(GetElementPtrInst *instr) {
         } else
             assert(false && "GEP translation error");
         value2reg(instr->get_operand(i), 1);
-        output.push_back("mul.w $a1, $a1, " + to_string(size));
+        value2reg(ConstantInt::get(size, m), 2);
+        output.push_back("mul.w $a1, $a1, $a2");
         output.push_back("add.d $a0, $a0, $a1");
     }
-    back2stack(instr);
 }
 
 void
@@ -395,18 +406,17 @@ CodeGen::IR2assem(LoadInst *instr) {
     ptrContent2reg(instr->get_lval());
 
     assert(instr->get_type() == instr->get_load_type());
-    back2stack(instr);
-    /* string suff = suffix(typeLen(instr->get_load_type()));
-     * string addr = "$fp, -" + to_string(off[instr]);
-     * output.push_back("st" + suff + " $a0, " + addr); */
 }
 
 void
 CodeGen::IR2assem(StoreInst *instr) {
-    value2reg(instr->get_rval());
+    value2reg(instr->get_rval(), 0);
     value2reg(instr->get_lval(), 1);
-    string suff = suffix(typeLen(instr->get_rval()->get_type()));
-    output.push_back("st" + suff + " $a0, $a1, 0");
+    bool is_float = instr->get_rval()->get_type()->is_float_type();
+    string instr_ir = (is_float ? "fst" : "st");
+    string suff = suffix(instr->get_rval()->get_type());
+    string reg = (is_float ? "$fa0" : "$a0");
+    output.push_back(instr_ir + suff + " " + reg + ", $a1, 0");
 }
 
 void
@@ -424,59 +434,60 @@ CodeGen::IR2assem(Instruction &instr) {
     switch (instr.get_instr_type()) {
         case Instruction::ret:
             IR2assem(static_cast<ReturnInst *>(&instr));
-            return;
+            break;
         case Instruction::br:
             IR2assem(static_cast<BranchInst *>(&instr));
-            return;
+            break;
             // Standard binary operators
         case Instruction::add:
         case Instruction::sub:
         case Instruction::mul:
         case Instruction::sdiv:
-            IR2assem(static_cast<BinaryInst *>(&instr));
-            return;
             // float binary operators
         case Instruction::fadd:
-            break;
         case Instruction::fsub:
-            break;
         case Instruction::fmul:
-            break;
         case Instruction::fdiv:
+            IR2assem(static_cast<BinaryInst *>(&instr));
             break;
             // Memory operators
         case Instruction::alloca:
             IR2assem(static_cast<AllocaInst *>(&instr));
-            return;
+            break;
         case Instruction::load:
             IR2assem(static_cast<LoadInst *>(&instr));
-            return;
+            break;
         case Instruction::store:
             IR2assem(static_cast<StoreInst *>(&instr));
-            return;
+            break;
             // Other operators
         case Instruction::cmp:
+            IR2assem(static_cast<CmpInst *>(&instr));
             break;
         case Instruction::fcmp:
+            IR2assem(static_cast<FCmpInst *>(&instr));
             break;
         case Instruction::phi:
             IR2assem(static_cast<PhiInst *>(&instr));
-            return;
+            break;
         case Instruction::call:
             IR2assem(static_cast<CallInst *>(&instr));
-            return;
+            break;
         case Instruction::getelementptr:
             IR2assem(static_cast<GetElementPtrInst *>(&instr));
-            return;
+            break;
         case Instruction::zext:
             IR2assem(static_cast<ZextInst *>(&instr));
-            return;
+            break;
         case Instruction::fptosi:
             IR2assem(static_cast<FpToSiInst *>(&instr));
-            return;
+            break;
         case Instruction::sitofp:
             IR2assem(static_cast<SiToFpInst *>(&instr));
-            return;
+            break;
     }
     // assert(false && "This ")
+    if (not instr.is_void() and not no_stack_alloca(&instr) and
+        not instr.is_alloca())
+        back2stack(&instr);
 }

tests/5-bonus/test_time.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import argparse
 import subprocess
 
 test_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))  # 当前文件夹路径 tests/5-bonus
-cminus = os.path.join(test_dir, '../../build/cminus')  # ===可修改===
+cminus = os.path.join(test_dir, '../../build/cminusfc')  # ===可修改===
 testfile_dir = os.path.join(test_dir, './testcases')
 output_file_name = os.path.join(test_dir, './test_result')
 io = os.path.join(test_dir, '../../src/io/io.c')
@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@ def eval(console=False, test_dir=testfile_dir, use_clang=False):
 
         # 超时，跳过
         if start_time - total_start > 30 * 60 or start_time - single_begin > 30 * 60:
-            output_file.write(f"[{count+1}/{test_count}] " + file_name + ': skipped due to exceeded total time limit\n')
+            output_file.write(f"[{count+1}/{test_count}] " + file_name +
+                              ': skipped due to exceeded total time limit\n')
             continue
         # 未超时
         output_file.write(f"[{count+1}/{test_count}] " + file_name + ': ')
@@ -75,8 +76,9 @@ def eval(console=False, test_dir=testfile_dir, use_clang=False):
                 output_file.write('compile-1 timeout\n')
                 failed_count += 1
                 continue
-            except Exception:
+            except Exception as e:
                 output_file.write("compile-1 failed with an unexcept error\n")
+                output_file.write(str(e))
                 failed_count += 1
                 continue
 
@@ -107,8 +109,9 @@ def eval(console=False, test_dir=testfile_dir, use_clang=False):
                 output_file.write('compile timeout\n')
                 failed_count += 1
                 continue
-            except Exception:
+            except Exception as e:
                 output_file.write("compile failed with an unexcept error\n")
+                output_file.write(e)
                 failed_count += 1
                 continue
 
@@ -135,8 +138,9 @@ def eval(console=False, test_dir=testfile_dir, use_clang=False):
             output_file.write("executable time limit exceeded\n")
             failed_count += 1
             continue
-        except Exception as _:
+        except Exception as e:
             output_file.write('executable runtime error\n')
+            output_file.write(str(e))
             failed_count += 1
             continue
 
@@ -159,8 +163,11 @@ def eval(console=False, test_dir=testfile_dir, use_clang=False):
                 succ_count += 1
                 testtime[count] = time
             else:
-                output_file.write('output is different from standard answer, this may be caused by wrong return code\n'
-                                  )  # 因为退出码也会作为输出的一部分，因此输出和答案不同可能是程序崩溃造成的
+                # 因为退出码也会作为输出的一部分，因此输出和答案不同可能是程序崩溃造成的
+                output_file.write(
+                    'output is different from standard answer, this may be caused by wrong return code\n')
+                output_file.write(f"\t{ref=}")
+                output_file.write(f"\t{actual=}")
                 failed_count += 1
 
     output_file.write(f"{failed_count} tests failed\n")
@@ -172,9 +179,11 @@ def eval(console=False, test_dir=testfile_dir, use_clang=False):
     output_file.write('\t\t\tyour_cminus')
     for count, file_name in enumerate(testfiles):
         output_file.write('{:<20}'.format(file_name))
-        output_file.write('\t\t %.6f' % testtime[count] if testtime[count] != -1 else '\t\t  None  ')
+        output_file.write(
+            '\t\t %.6f' % testtime[count] if testtime[count] != -1 else '\t\t  None  ')
 
-    output_file.write("===================================================================\n")
+    output_file.write(
+        "===================================================================\n")
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
@@ -182,8 +191,10 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
 
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="functional test")
 
-    parser.add_argument("--console", action="store_true", help="specify whether to output the result to console")
-    parser.add_argument("--clang", action="store_true", help="estimate runtime when compile with clang")
+    parser.add_argument("--console", action="store_true",
+                        help="specify whether to output the result to console")
+    parser.add_argument("--clang", action="store_true",
+                        help="estimate runtime when compile with clang")
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
     eval(args.console, testfile_dir, use_clang=args.clang)